[M]y brothers work in Amman as [construction] labourers. Their salaries are 300 JD [a month], but they have to cover the transport fees themselves. […] 120 or 110 JD goes to transport from that salary 121. Transport is thus a key factor when considering a job further from the camp. For low-paid daily labouring, such as agricultural work, the cost of commuting to Azraq or further afield was widely perceived to outweigh the benefits of work. Even for considerably shorter distances, such as to Jerash city 5 km away, the costs of transport (and food) can be important. Thus a woman who previously worked in a shop in Jerash city for 190 JD per month decided to leave this job and instead work for the contractor servicing the cafeteria of the UNRWA girls’ school inside the camp, being paid 6 JD per day working from 6 am to 4 pm, or 120 JD per month for a 50-hour work week. Additionally, she pointed out, ‘it is a more comfortable job. [...] It is more convenient’122. Finally, as has been documented elsewhere (International Youth Foundation, 2014), public transport and commuting were deemed a particular barrier for women. There was fear of harassment, as well as concerns around a commute lengthening the working day and requiring women to be out after dark. A woman working in a factory in al-Hassan Industrial Estate explained: We like to work with our sisters (or relatives) because our house is a long way from the main street [where the bus drops them off] and our area is hilly, and it’s dark; we leave our homes at the dawn azan [call to prayer] or before that, and we come back at ‘isha azan [night-time call to prayer, after sun-down]. [...] So their parents will say that we should all go out together in the morning and come back together. But if we are all scattered all over the camp, and going alone, […] That’s difficult. So, when we go to the factory we tell them [the factory] “there’s five of us, get us a bus” and when they do, we make an agreement with the bus driver — on top of the factories’ agreement with him — we pay him extra, and he drives us to our homes123. Moreover, for many women, the additional commuting time is often irreconcilable with family duties 124 and several women reported leaving better paid jobs for volunteering stipends inside the camp, even when transport is provided. As one woman said: It’s not only [arriving after dark]: maybe my children need food, I need to look after my house. It works best for us when we’re back home at 1 pm. You have many responsibilities waiting for you in the house. We come back from work, we go buy things for the house, food, and then go home 125. With commuting costs making returns on low-paid jobs outside of the camp negligible for many, residents of Jerash reported seeking employment where transport is provided or not needed: this might mean regular work with employer-provided transport, such as in certain factories, or seeking opportunities locally, such as seasonal agricultural work in the surrounding areas, or relying on contacts to secure work as a group in day-labouring Focus group discussion with women working in Industrial Estates, Jerash camp, 29 January 2016. 122 Female, age 44, Jerash camp, 19 January 2016. 123 Focus group discussion with women working in Industrial Estates, Jerash camp, 29 January 2016. 124 Female, age 39, Jerash camp, 27 January 2016; female, age 55, Jerash camp, 31 January 2016; focus group discussion with women, Jerash camp, 21 October 2015. 125 Female, age 55, Jerash camp, 31 January 2016. 121 Fafo Report 2019:34 96