participation between camps than the variation between ex-Gazans and non-ex-Gazans. For example, Azmi Al-Mufti and Souf camps have a female labour force participation of 14% and 12% respectively, contrasted with 5% and 6% in Zarqa and Hitteen. In Hitteen, however, the difference between ex-Gaza women and other Palestinian refugee women is statistically insignificant. Per cent Figure 20 Female labour force participation rate by ex-Gaza status and five-year age groups (n=58,642). 40 Other ex-Gazans Other Palestinian refugees Ex-Gazans in Jerash 30 20 10 0 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70+ 5-year age groups Health and labour force participation Deteriorating health is typically associated with increasing age as well as a reduced capability to work. Our data suggest that ex-Gazans from Jerash might be somewhat more affected by chronic health failure than other camp refugees, and particularly compared to ex-Gazans residing in other camps (Table 21). These longstanding health problems are self-reported74, and a severe chronic problem is defined as one which hinders a person from carrying out normal everyday routines and duties. Among residents aged 40 to 49 and above 50 in Jerash camp, a total of 26% and 66% respectively report a chronic health problem. The comparative figures for ex-Gazans elsewhere and for other Palestinian refugees are 21% and 50%, and 22% and 57% respectively. Inferior housing conditions (see chapter 3) and a higher prevalence of manual labour (see below) may be contributing factors to the somewhat poorer health status among ex-Gazans in Jerash camp. Table 21 Prevalence of chronic health failure. Percentage of individuals by ex-Gaza status and age (n=168,281). 5-9 yrs 10-19 yrs 20-29 yrs 30-39 yrs 40-49 yrs 50+ yrs 1 2 2 5 9 31 Severe chronic problem Ex-Gazans, Chronic problem Jerash No chronic problem 1 1 2 7 17 35 97 97 96 88 74 34 Severe chronic problem 2 2 3 4 10 28 Chronic problem 1 1 1 4 11 22 No chronic problem 97 97 96 92 79 50 1 2 2 4 8 28 2 2 2 6 14 29 97 97 96 90 77 43 Other exGazans Severe chronic problem Other Palestinian Chronic problem refugees No chronic problem The following question was asked: ‘Does [name] have any physical or psychological illness of a prolonged nature, or any afflictions due to an injury, due to a handicap, or due to [old] age?’. 74 Fafo Report 2019:34 62