be poor as compared with their peers in households where the highest educational attainment is lower (Figure 8). This is something people understand and as we shall return to below, ex-Gazans in Jerash invest heavily in education. Figure 8 Percentage of ex-Gazans from Jerash camp falling below the 2 USD a day poverty line by highest educational attainment in the household. Post-secondary Secondary Preparatory/basic Elementary Did not complete any schooling 0 10 20 Per cent 30 Savings and debt One in ten citizen Palestinian refugee camp households report having any savings, whilst only 6% of ex-Gazans in Jerash and 8% of ex-Gazans in other camps do. The prevalence of saving in a bank or other formal credit institution and in the form of gold or other precious metal is very low and is the same for ex-Gazans in Jerash as other camp refugees (3% for both forms). Having savings with a jam’iyya (informal saving club) is less common in Jerash (2% for ex-Gazans in Jerash versus the camp average of 5%). The latter is not surprising, as membership in a jam’iyya requires the ability to pay a fixed sum of money into the club at regular intervals, and hence a reliable income, which, as reported in chapter 6, is very often not the case for ex-Gaza households in Jerash camp. Half of ex-Gaza households in Jerash camp (51%) are indebted, which is significantly above the camp average (41%). Eleven per cent of ex-Gazans in Jerash — about the same as the overall camp average (12%) — report being indebted to a formal institution; however, 43% have informal debt, i.e. debt to relatives and friends (compared to the camp average of 32%). Only one in ten indebted ex-Gaza households in Jerash states that the debt is manageable, with a majority finding that repayment is challenging (70%) or impossible (20%). Compared to other indebted camp residents, a slightly lower share of Jerash households finds their debt to be manageable (7% compared to 14% of ex-Gazans outside Jerash and 17% of non-ex-Gazans) and a higher share of households claim they cannot manage to pay back what they owe (20% versus 7% of other ex-Gazans and 13% of non-ex-Gazans). Lower savings and more debt confirm the picture painted above of a population of noncitizen Palestinian refugees in Jerash who are poorer and more vulnerable than other Palestinian camp refugees, citizens and non-citizens alike. ‘Just getting by’ Ex-Gazans in Jerash and other refugee camps in Jordan 41