medical care, and essential items; and various forms of violence (shelling, raids, and the unlawful actions of unrecognized local authorities).” ADC Memorial, Roma and War in Eastern Ukraine – refugees, displaced persons, victims of violence, 7 April 2015 “Roma are the victims of the military conflict and are in very difficult situations both in Ukraine and in Russia. Many of them have tried to leave the conflict zone and flee the war. In addition to the hardships they experience as refugees, they also face xenophobia and biases that plague society in both Russia and Ukraine. The governments of these countries are not taking sufficient measures to deal with the problems that refugees and internal migrants face. There are virtually no public initiatives in Russia aimed at migrants, and Ukraine does not have sufficient resources to deal with this issue.” Annual report on current situation of minorities, State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2014 , 3 July 2014 "In particular, as the impact of the financial crisis has been felt across Europe, hostility towards established scapegoats has been renewed – in particular, Roma communities. While this is frequently expressed in the form of street violence or individual assaults, it is also often reflected in discriminatory government policies. […] A report published by the European Roma Rights Centre in 2013 lists violent attacks against Roma across 2011–12 and cases of stigmatizing rhetoric on the part of public figures, politicians and the press whereby Roma are associated with criminality. […] Police officers were reportedly involved in 31 cases during 2013 where victims reported violence or discrimination due to their religion, ethnicity, nationality or skin colour. Hungary The Roma community in Hungary is by far the largest minority ethnic community in the country. As is the case for Greece, Roma in Hungary suffer profound social and economic marginalization. […] Nor was any official data on racist attacks specifically against Roma or Sinti communities in Hungary reported to ODIHR. By contrast, between them the UN refugee agency UNHCR and NGOs – the Athena Institute and the European Roma Rights Centre – reported to ODIHR numerous cases in 2012 of threats with weapons against Roma families, physical assaults and one case of arson. […] Furthermore, until recently, while Ukraine had legal provisions (Article 161 of the Criminal Code) criminalizing ethnic or religious hatred or hostility, this legislation was very difficult to apply." Trafficking and smuggling Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA), Report on trafficking in human beings and the implementation of the corresponding Council of Europe convention (legal framework; antitrafficking strategies), Report concerning the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings by Azerbaijan; First evaluation round [GRETA(2014)9], 19 September 2014 "Any such actions as provided for by paragraphs 1 or 2 committed in respect of a child up to 14 years of age, or by an organised group, or in combination with violence that is endangering the life or health of the victim or his/her close relatives, or in combination with threats of such violence, or committed by an organised group, or if causing grave consequences, are punishable by deprivation of liberty […] Ukraine’s anti-trafficking measures show a lack of attention to the Roma community as a group vulnerable to trafficking, while GRETA was informed that the situation of Roma in Ukraine raises particular concerns as regards human trafficking (see paragraphs 113-114). 64. […] The Fourth Report of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), published in 2012, notes that whereas according to 20