country’s IDP population. Many Romani IDPs lacked documents, and obtaining IDP assistance, medical care, and education was especially difficult […]" International Crisis Group (ICG) (Ukraine), “Nobody Wants Us”: The Alienated Civilians of Eastern Ukraine, 1 October 2018 “Where Zakarpattya is concerned, Kyiv’s separatism fears revolve around the oblast’s roughly 150,000 ethnic Hungarians. Zakarpattian Hungarians were a major driver of the 1991 referendum, for which Budapest actively lobbied. In 2010, the government of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán introduced a law guaranteeing Hungarian passports to anyone who could pass a language test and offer proof of ancestors “deprived of Hungarian citizenship” during 20th century territory shuffles. […] The new education law has some valid goals in terms of better integrating residents of the country’s south-western oblasts into civic life. Zakarpattian schoolchildren, along with their heavily Romanian-speaking neighbours in Chernivtsi, consistently have the country’s highest failure rate on university entrance exams, which revolve around Ukrainian-language proficiency. In both 2016 and 2017, roughly 27 per cent of college-bound Zakarpattians failed the state exam; some estimate that this included over half of Hungarian-language high schoolers.” ERRC, ISI, ENS, Desyate Kvitnya, Statelessness, Discrimination and Marginalisation of Roma in Ukraine, March 2018 "Statelessness, Discrimination and Marginalisation of Roma in Ukraine […] In fact, the term ‘Roma’ usually encompasses a wide diversity of groups with ‘complex and multi-layered’ identities.8 Some, but not all Roma speak Romanes or other languages specific to Romani communities. […] Personally, I think there is no less than 100,000 Roma… Definitely more than 100,000, maybe even two or three times more.” 28 As estimated by the World Romani Union and local Roma NGOs. […] According to a report of the Ukrainian Institute of Social Studies, possibly over 50% of Romani people lack formal education, with 68% of research respondents stating that they cannot read or write, or only read and write with difficulty; 59% state they have no or limited numeracy skills. […] The typical livelihood activities of Romani people include buying, shelling and re-selling nuts, collect- ing and peeling mushrooms for sale, collecting scrap metal for recycling, hard labour in construction etc. and the provision of unskilled services. For example, Sofia cleans houses and Andriy weeds gardens in exchange for food or money. […] This report is dedicated to all Romani people whose lives are impacted by discrimination, lack of documentation and statelessness. We hope this will be a useful tool in their continuing struggle for justice and inclusion." OHCHR, Human Rights Council holds separate dialogues on Ukraine and on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 27 September 2016 "Minority Rights Group expressed concern over the situation of the Roma minority and the indigenous Crimean Tatars in Ukraine. It was furthermore concerned about the continued detention of Crimean Tatars on politically motivated charges. It called on the Ukrainian authorities to ensure the safe return of the Roma population of Loschynivka to their homes. […] Furthermore, the Housing Code of Ukraine restricted the right to social housing to citizens, which was not only discrimination based on citizenship but indirectly discriminated against Roma who often lacked personal documentation and did not have citizenship. […] Still, weaknesses remained and Roma suffered violence and racially motivated acts against them, as individuals and as a community. They lacked access to education: one in five had no education, one in four could not read or write in Ukrainian, and 12 per cent could not understand Ukrainian. The Roma lacked identification papers and had difficulties in obtaining them, and funds were lacking to implement programmes for the Roma, including the Roma Strategy 2020." 12