• 2008 National Campaign 121—In 2008 the Human Rights Secretariat launched a nationwide campaign for birth registration and access to basic documentation. The campaign targeted 300 municipalities in rural areas of the Amazon and Piauí states, where under-registration is highest. Actions within this campaign included: the identification of populations in need by community health officers, the addition of birth registration and basic documentation to literacy programs, and the addition of identity documents to a national program for the documentation of rural work. Leaflets were distributed by the children’s pastoral ministry in municipalities with social security offices as well as by agencies and offices of the Bank of Brazil. Posters were displayed in the offices of several governmental agencies. • 2009 Partnership between the federal government and the National Council of Justice122—Since January of 2009 special registration units have been installed in hospitals in the Northeast and the Amazon. These units tightened the connection between hospitals and registries, allowing all mothers to obtain a birth certificate and ensure the recording of her child in the civil registry before leaving the hospital. • 2011 National Campaign123—This initiative, titled “Certificate of Birth: A human right, a duty of Brazil,” included a video, jingle, television commercial, posters, and leaflets, with popular musician Ivete Sangallo as the spokesperson. The campaign was publicized as a national priority, and it primarily targeted the North and Northeast, regions with the highest numbers of unregistered children younger than one year old. 2012 Regional Campaign124—In 2012, the Secretariat for Human Rights signed a technical cooperation agreement with other governmental partners to combine efforts and ensure access to basic documentation for indigenous peoples. Specific methodologies were developed to ensure that these efforts demonstrated respect for the communities. Consultations were held with indigenous peoples about their willingness to register their children and state’s willingness to respect indigenous naming practices. The National Council of Justice and the National Council of the Public Ministry issued a joint resolution guaranteeing the certificate would include: indigenous name, ethnicity, and the indigenous village, in addition to the correction of certificates already issued to include the aforementioned information. Reflecting the accomplishments of the 2008 and 2009 measures, under-registration of births in Brazil fell from 20.9% in 2002 to 6.6% in 2010.126 While this result is encouraging, the measures that produced it are unlikely to resolve the problem of that remaining 6.6%. It is the hardest to reach and the most likely to face discrimination.127 125 44 COUNTRY PROFILES l BRAZIL