134. Ministério da Justica, FUNAI, Secretaria de Direitod Humanos, Cartilha, “Registro Civil de Nascimento para os Povos Indígenas do Brasil,” 2014, available at: http://pib.socioambiental.org/ anexos/28172_20140808_123412.pdf. 135. Ibid. 136. Ibid. 137. Patricia Oliveira da Silca, “Aspectos gerais da migração fronteiriça entre Brasil e Bolívia,” available at: http://www.abep.nepo.unicamp.br/encontro2008/docspdf/ABEP2008_1491.pdf; see also, Olga Becker, “Mobilidade Espacial da População: Conceitos, Tipologia, Contextos,” in Roberto Lobato Correa, et al. Explorações Geográficas (Rio de Janeiro, 1997), 319–67. 138. “a presença do Estado brasileiro na região é, pode-se dizer, ostensiva, embora aparentemente silenciosa” as cited in Filizola and Furlanetto, op. cit., 1120. 139. Ibid., no. 2. 140. A comarca is a local administrative division. For judicial matters, it indicates the territorial limits of the jurisdiction of a particular court or first instance judge. See also, http://www.tjmg.jus. br/portal/conheca-o-tjmg/estrutura-organizacional/comarcas/. 141. Poder Judiciario, Comarca de Guajará-Mirim, Portaria No.001/07-VRP, Juiza Silavana Maria de Freitas, July 5, 2007. 142. Information provided by Carolina Claro de Abreu, December 2015. 143. “The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil’’s Bolsa Familia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context”,Social Protection Discussion Paper No. 0709, World Bank. (Washington, D.C.: Rawlings, 2007) http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLACREGTOPLABSOCPRO/Resources/BRBolsaFamiliaDiscussionPaper.pdf. 144. Constitution of the Republic of Chile, chapter 2, “Nationality and Citizenship,” Article 10-18 (1980). 145. Fernández González and Miguel Ángel. “La Nacionalidad en la Constitución Rev. derecho (Valdivia), dic. 12, no. 2 (2001): 175–90. 146. Vonk, op. cit, 194. 147. Macarena Rodriguez and Delia Valdés Riesco, Nacionalidad en la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema, Dirección Estudios, Corte Suprema de Chile, 1–20, available at: http://decs.pjud.cl/Documentos/Academicos/Nacionalidad_en_la_Jurisprudencia_de_la_Corte_Suprema.pdf. 148. Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública, Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, Oficio Ordinario No. 27601 14 de agosto de 2014 and Ministerio de Justicia, Registro Civil e Identificación, Resolución Exenta No. 3207 de 8 de agosto de 2014. 149. As reported on the website of the Department of Foreign Affairs of Chile: “Congress has approved amendments to the Charter of Nationalization standard, so that as of 8/1/2016 nationalization may be granted to those who have completed 18 years of age; having 5 or more years of residence in Chile (as of the first visa stamped) and who hold Permanent Residency. They may also request Charter Nationalization children of foreigners who have reached 14 years of age, with 5 or more years of residence in Chile (as of the first visa stamped), hold permanent residency and have BORN IN THE AMERICAS 99