257. Constitución de la República de Colombia 1821, Art. 4, available at: http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=13690. 258. Escobar, op. cit., 2. 259. See also, María Robayo, María. Venezolanos en Colombia, un eslabón más de una historia compartida: Universidad del Rosario, April 2013, available at: http://www.urosario.edu.co/urosario_files/2e/2ee3361e-eec6-4230-925b-3e6d91c83ab0.pdf. Letter by OAS Secretary General, Luis Almagro invoking Article 20 of the OAS Democratic Charter and requesting a Permanente Council meeting to address the crisis in the Venezuelan constitutional order, May 30, 2016, available at: http://www.oas.org/documents/spa/press/OSG-243.es.pdf, the Venezuelan Politics and Human Rights, a blog hosted by the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), available at: http://venezuelablog.tumblr.com/. 260. The World Bank (2010) reports that there are 110,297 foreigners in Colombia with a predominance of Venezuelan nationals representing 33.9 % of the total foreign population. Cited by IOM in Migration profile of Colombia 2012, 65. 261. See also, http://www.dinero.com/opinion/columnistas/articulo/migracion-venezolanos-reto-para-economia-colombiana/192786 and http://www.informador.com.mx/internacional/2010/224485/6/migracion-de-colombianos-a-venezuela-por-violencia-y-pobreza.htm. 262. See also, María Robayo, Venezolanos en Colombia, un eslabón más de una historia compartida. Universidad del Rosario, April 2013, available at: http://www.urosario.edu.co/urosario_ files/2e/2ee3361e-eec6-4230-925b-3e6d91c83ab0.pdf; and Ángel Bermúdez, “La apuesta por Colombia,” El Espectador (September 2014), available at: http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/ elmundo/apuesta-colombia-articulo-519475. 263. The statistic is unclear, as the authority did not name the period of time for which this increase occurred. See http://www.larepublica.co/doctorado-empresario-e-inversionista-es-el-adndel-migrante-venezolano_176921. 264. As accounted by IOM, there was a wave of immigrants from Colombia to Venezuela in the mid-1980s primarily motivated by the economic boom in the neighboring country. Migration profile of Colombia 2012, 12, available at: https://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/pbn/docs/PerfilMigratorio-de-Colombia-2012.pdf. See also, Leonir María Chairello, ed., Public Policies on Migration and Civil Society in Latin America (Scalabrini International Migration Network, 2013), 283. 265. IACHR, press release “IACHR Conducts Visit to Colombia-Venezuela Border,” September 9, 2015, available at http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2015/101.asp. 266. IACHR, Preliminary Observations Visit to Colombia’s Border with Venezuela, September 28, 2015, available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2015/109A.asp. See also, Crise frontalière: La Colombie rappelle son ambassadeur au Venezuela, qui fait de même. Le Monde. fr avec AFP, August 28, 2015, available at: http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2015/08/28/ la-colombie-rappelle-son-ambassadeur-au-venezuela-qui-fait-de-meme_4738833_3210.html; Javier Ciurlizza, “Venezuela’s Dangers Spill across the Colombian Border,” (International Crisis Group, September 2015), available at: http://blog.crisisgroup.org/worldwide/2015/09/02/venezuelas-dangers-spill-across-the-colombian-border/. 267. Applicants must present the following documents: 1. A copy of the certificate issued by the Unit for Disaster Risk Management, which includes the name of Colombian spouse or partner 108 ENDNOTES