excluded from protection under the 1954 Convention.38 17. In the migration context, Latvia has established a statelessness determination procedure in national law, in line with good practice in many respects.39 However, there are remaining gaps including limited guarantees to ensure access to the procedure, some missing procedural protections such as a guaranteed interview or referral from asylum procedures, a lack of protection and rights during the procedure, and a lack of a facilitated route to naturalisation for people recognised as stateless under the procedure. Issue 1: Stateless population data and identification of statelessness 18. The Latvian Government counts and publishes population data on statelessness. 40 National statistics published by the Office for Citizenship and Migration Affairs contain a category ‘stateless’ (bezvalstnieks), disaggregated by ethnic origin. However, only people granted stateless status under the statelessness determination procedure are counted in this category. There is a separate category for 'non-citizens' (nepilsonis), whose legal status is defined separately under Latvian law (see para. 15-16). UNHCR reports government figures under both these categories separately as “persons under its statelessness mandate”.41 19. There are other categories for which statistics are available that could include stateless people. For example, the Population Register on Latvia's residents by ethnic origin and nationality includes figures for Latvian citizen, Latvian non-citizen, Latvian alternative (subsidiary status), Latvian stateless, Latvian refugee, and Latvian temporary protection, Estonian non-citizens, Estonian stateless, Belarus stateless, Finland stateless, Uzbekistan stateless and ’not indicated’ (nav norādīta).42 20. No comprehensive mapping study of statelessness in Latvia is available, and the reliability of data on statelessness is questionable as numbers vary depending on the definitions employed by different actors (i.e. whether ‘non-citizens’ are counted as stateless or not). 21. Data on refugees and asylum seekers by country of origin, gender, age, and status is available upon request, but this is not routinely published by the Government.43 38 ENS Statelessness Index Survey 2019: Latvia, pp.16-17, available at: https://index.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/ENS_Statelessness_Index_Survey-Latvia-2019.pdf 39 Law on Stateless Persons, 2007: https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/84393-law-on-stateless-persons; see https://index.statelessness.eu/country/latvia for more details on good practice. 40 Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs, Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc valstiskās piederības, 1 Jan 2020: https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/lv/assets/ISVP _Latvija_pec_VPD_2020.pdf 41 UNHCR (2020), Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2019, https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5ee200e37/unhcrglobal-trends-2019.html (see footnote 27, p. 77) 42 Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs, Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc nacionālā sastāva un valstiskās piederības, 1 January 2020 https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/lv/assets/ISVP _Latvija_pec_VPD_2020.pdf 43 ENS Statelessness Index Country Survey 2019: Latvia, p.14, available at: https://index.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/ENS_Statelessness_Index_Survey-Latvia-2019.pdf 5