. Identification re ention and reduction o state essness Recognition of statelessness as a result of a statelessness determination procedure plays an important role in enhancing respect for the human rights of stateless persons, particularly through access to a secure legal status and enjoyment of rights afforded to stateless persons under the 1954 Convention.105 However, these rights are not limited to individuals who have been recognized as stateless following a determination made by a State or UNHCR. Instead, the rights afforded to an individual under the Convention are linked to the nature of that person’s presence in the State, assessed in terms of the degree of attachment to the host country.106 Currently, all States with statelessness determination procedures grant residence rights to recognized stateless persons, though some deny this right if the person is considered to be a danger to national security or public order, or if the person is admissible to another country.107 To be consistent with the standards set out in the 1954 Convention, the granting of a residence permit to a stateless person should be accompanied by the right to work, access to health care and social assistance, and the issuance of identity papers and a travel document. Next to granting residence rights, it is also recommended that States facilitate, to the extent possible, the naturalization of stateless persons.108 States should promote access by stateless persons to administrative and judicial remedies, including through legal counselling programmes. As statelessness is often a result of discrimination, efforts to promote economic and social integration may also be necessary in the development of solutions. In 2006, the UNHCR Executive Committee encouraged States, “to consider measures to allow the integration of persons in situations of protracted statelessness, through developing programmes in the field of education, housing, access to health and income generation, in partnership with relevant United Nations agencies”.109 The 2014 UNHCR Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons provides comprehensive guidance for government officials, judges and practitioners and a valuable resource for both statelessness determination and the development and implementation of law and policies relating to the protection of stateless persons. 77

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