. Identification re ention and reduction o state essness election observation missions. The recognition of legal identity is a precondition for access to other important fundamental, civil and political rights. In line with its mandate, ODIHR’s assistance also focuses on administrative and legislative frameworks for civil registration, owing to their key importance in enabling the legal recognition of each individual. Good practice: Identification and registration campaign in Turkmenistan The political and operational will of the Government of Turkmenistan to resolve the protracted situation of thousands of former USSR citizens with undetermined nationality was demonstrated through an identification and registration campaign. One factor that enabled the campaign’s success was the technical expertise gained by the authorities when collaborating with UNHCR on the identification and registration of 11,000 long-term refugees for naturalization in 2004 and 2005. An initial registration drive from 2007 to 2010 by the Turkmenistan authorities found some 4,000 individuals of undetermined nationality. The registered individuals completed and filed applications for naturalization or residence status, depending on their personal circumstances, for the Government’s review. A dialogue process on statelessness that began in 2008 between the Turkmenistan Government and UNHCR, led to the adoption in 2010 of an Action Plan for Joint Activities on Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness between the Government and UNHCR. This created a framework for collaboration on completing the identification and registration of individuals with undetermined nationality, and then reviewing and revising the relevant laws. The Government re-launched the registration campaign in 2011 as a collaborative multi-stakeholder process. Mobile registration teams consisting of representatives of the Government and civil society, including legal 46