Children with Disabilities Estimates of the number of Rohingya children with disabilities vary, but all available information indicates that at the least, tens of thousands of children are affected. A UNHCR update from May 2019 cites an estimate that 4 percent of Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar have disabilities, while another NGO report found that 12 percent of refugee households have one family member with a permanent disability.242 One assessment found that 17 percent of families had a temporary disability from injury such as gunshots and landmines.243 Another estimates that 17 percent of Rohingya refugee children are suffering “severe mental health impacts.”24 Humanitarian agencies need to better identify Rohingya refugee children with disabilities and mental health needs. The vast majority of Rohingya refugee children with disabilities may be completely excluded from education. Some NGOs, such as Humanity & Inclusion, have inclusive education programs in the camps and host communities, but the needs and numbers of children with disabilities appears to far outstrip the availability of inclusive programs.24 Other NGOs like CBM provide child-friendly spaces, and crucial health and other services for people with disabilities in the camps, but not education.246 During visits to the camps in 2018 and 2019, Human Rights Watch has observed children with visible physical disabilities, which were often the result of attacks in Myanmar.247 However, during visits to 25 learning centers in the camps in February 2019, Human Rights Watch did not observe any children with visible disabilities attending classes. The 242 UNHCR, “Bangladesh Refugee Emergency: Population factsheet,” May 31, 2019; Center for Disability in Development (CDD) and CBM, “Inclusive Humanitarian Actions for Rohingya Refugees and Host Communities,” January 2019, p.2, https://cdd.org.bd/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/CDD_CBM-Rohingya-Response-Brochure-January-Final. pdf (accessed July 31, 2019). 243 CDD and CBM, “Inclusive Humanitarian Actions for Rohingya Refugees and Host Communities,” p. 2. 244 2019 Joint Response Plan for the Rohingya Humanitarian Emergency, January-December, p. 45. 245 A Humanity and Inclusion project aims to provide inclusive education, sports, and mainstreaming disability into service provision for 4,712 children and other vulnerable people in the Cox’s Bazar refugee camps and host communities. “Bangladesh 2018,” September 2018, p.6, https://hi.org/sn_uploads/federation/country/Humanity---Inclusion-Bangladesh- Projects.pdf (accessed July 29, 2019). 246 CBM, “Responding to the Rohingya Crisis,” April 4, 2019, https://www.cbm.org/news/news/news-2019/responding-to- the-rohingya-crisis/ (accessed August 1, 2019). 247 See, e.g. Human Rights Watch, “Bangladesh: Rohingya Refugees with Disabilities,” September 24, 2018. 63 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | DECEMBER 2019