became too ill to work.®4 A survey of 1,700 Bangladeshis in local host communities in July 2018 found that 85 percent did not want Rohingya children to attend public schools in the area, in part because providing Rohingya with education would make it less likely they would return to Myanmar, but also because local schools were already under-resourced and the quality of education would deteriorate if they had to accommodate more students.® Some local primary schools were initially used in the refugee response after August 2017 to store and distribute humanitarian aid. This led to a partial or total shutdown of some primary schools for up to four months after August 2017, and the humanitarian relief work caused damage that was slow to be repaired.® As a result, it is likely that Bangladeshi children dropped out of school. The pressing need for family income due to poverty in the relevant sub-districts of Cox’s Bazar contribute to child labor and mean that “once a [Bangladeshi] child has dropped out from the education system, it is extremely difficult to trace him/her and bring him/her back,” the World Bank noted.¢® Although people in Cox’s Bazar were initially generally welcoming of the refugees, the temporary shutdowns caused resentment, which was later exacerbated by several other factors, including rising rents, and the loss of teaching staff and students to jobs with humanitarian NGOs in the refugee camps. One teacher at a secondary school said her rent had doubled from one year to the next due to the influx of NGOs to the area, forcing her to move out.®§ An administrator at the same school noted that “up to 20 percent of students in classes eight and above” had dropped out to work for NGOs, “which means the secondary school certificate [national examination] pass rates have fallen from 85 percent to around 65 percent since the influx.”®9 At another school, an administrator said that “five guest teachers” -- also referred to as “para-teachers,” who do not receive state benefits -had not renewed their short-term contracts because NGOs offered better salaries, worsening the teacher shortage. 64 Human Rights Watch interview with local NGO director, Cox’s Bazar, February 8, 2019. 65 Xchange, “The Rohingya Amongst Us”: Bangladeshi perspectives on the Rohingya crisis survey, August 28, 2018, http://xchange.org/bangladeshi-perspectives-on-the-rohingya-crisis-survey/ (accessed July 10, 2019). 66 World Bank, “Additional Financing for Reaching Out of School Children Il,” September 5, 2018, p. 10. 67 World Bank, “Additional Financing for Reaching Out of School Children Il,” September 5, 2018, p. 10. 68 Human Rights Watch interview, teacher, Kashemia High School, Balukhali, Cox’s Bazar, February 18, 2019. Her rent doubled from 8,000 to 15,000 taka. 69 Human Rights Watch interview, assistant head teacher, Kashemia High School, Balukhali, Cox’s Bazar, February 18, 2019. “ARE WE HUMAN?” 28