Exploring UK Public Attitudes Towards Stateless People 7 attitudes and prejudice towards stateless individuals includes many terms, this renders the ANDrule very conservative (Haslbeck and Waldorp, 2020). Within the MGMs, we estimated all pairwise interactions. These interactions are conditional on all other variables (i.e. modelling the relationship between variables, while controlling for the influence of all other variables). This allows us to identify variables that are uniquely associated with social policy attitudes and prejudice. Estimating separate networks for each group in MGMs allows for the identification of group-specific patterns, detection of differential relationships across groups, and generation of group-specific hypotheses. On the other hand, estimating all data within one graphical model provides increases statistical power, reveals overall patterns, and controls for the influence of social policy attitudes and prejudice between groups, highlighting moderation effects. As such, we estimated both as they are complementary in nature, allowing us to draw more robust conclusions about group similarities and differences in the data. This meant that we estimated a model for stateless people, termed the Stateless Focal Network model, with separate focal models for refugees and asylum seekers for comparison. A second network, termed the Integrated Network model models all the data to control for social policy attitudes and prejudice towards asylum seekers and refugees. Edges with categorical variables can be interpreted in terms of (averaged) regression coefficients, while edges between continuous variables can be interpreted as partial correlations. Open data and transparency Raw data and r code to reproduce the analysis and additional supplementary material are available: https://osf.io/n3wky/ (O’Driscoll, 2025). Results Preliminary analysis Descriptive statistics are displayed in Table 1. Zero order correlations are shown in Table 2. Notably, 32.3 per cent of the sample reported not understanding what it meant to be stateless prior to watching the definition video, highlighting a lack of awareness about this group. Table 1. Descriptive statistics of measured variables Variable Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Observations Political orientationa 37.350 21.153 0.000 92.000 356 Age 38.760 13.761 18.000 75.000 356 Social policy attitude towards stateless people 3.223 1.513 1.000 7.000 356 Social policy attitude towards asylum seekers 3.341 1.683 1.000 7.000 356 Social policy attitude towards refugees 2.995 1.547 1.000 7.000 356 Prejudice towards stateless people 3.169 1.406 1.000 7.000 356 Prejudice towards asylum seekers 3.287 1.611 1.000 7.000 356 Prejudice towards refugees 3.073 1.461 1.000 7.000 356 Dominance 1.640 1.153 −1.440 5.400 356 Affiliation -1.413 1.013 −4.520 1.660 356 Higher scores indicate more right-wing political orientation. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474642510119X Published online by Cambridge University Press