tilburg law review 19 (2014) 223-235 brill.com/tilr The Indignity of a False Citizenship Self-Induced Statelessness in Puerto Rico Katharine Nylund Donald M. Wilson Fellow, Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, International Strategic Litigation Unit valencia@rfkcenter.org Abstract This article will explore the history and legacy of attempts to advocate for independence in Puerto Rico via the renunciation of United States (US) citizenship. The US acquired Puerto Rico over a century ago, and Puerto Ricans gained US citizenship in 1917, but the island remains an unincorporated territory. Various options, including independence and statehood, have been debated for decades. While voting records show that only a small percentage of the Puerto Rican population supports full independence from the United States, many pro-independence activists spurred debate by renouncing their US citizenship and claiming that they are citizens of Puerto Rico only. This raised questions as to whether they actually became stateless as a result. One of the most notable independence activists, the late Juan Mari Brás, caused confusion at the US State Department, which initially accepted his renunciation of US citizenship only to reverse its decision three years later. A discussion of the multifaceted meaning of ‘citizenship’ in the context of Puerto Rico illuminates the United States’ approach to the international right to a nationality. Keywords Puerto Rico – United States territories – independence – independentistas – renun­ ciation of citizenship – Juan Mari Bras – self-induced statelessness – right to a nationality – Statelessness Conventions * The author wishes to thank Sarnata Reynolds of Refugees International for her encouragement in the development of this article. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2014 | doi 10.1163/22112596-01902022