1 https://www.statelessness.eu/ 2 UNHCR Good Practices Paper - Action 7: Ensuring birth registration https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a0ac8f94.html 3 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 1954, Article 1(1) for the prevention of statelessness 4 UNHCR Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons Under the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, Geneva, 2014: https://www.unhcr.org/dach/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/04/CH-UNHCR_Handbook-on-Protection-of-StatelessPersons.pdf 5 UNICEF Data Warehouse, Percentage of children under age 5 whose births are registered, 2022: https://data.unicef.org/resources/data_explorer [accessed 31 July 2024] 6 https://index.statelessness.eu/ 7 UNICEF, December 2019, Birth Registration for Every Child by 2030: https://data.unicef.org/resources/birth-registration-for-everychild-by-2030/ 8 Ibid 9 The UN Operational Definition of Legal Identity and further information on legal identity are available at: https://unstats.un.org/legalidentity-agenda/ 10 UNHCR (2018) Ensuring the right of all children to acquire a nationality: Connecting the Dots between the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness: https://www.refworld.org/docid/52206aa54.html 11 UNHCR Guidelines on Statelessness No. 4: Ensuring Every Child’s Right to Acquire a Nationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness: https://www.refworld.org/docid/50d460c72.html 12 UNHCR and UNICEF (2017) Convention on the Rights of the Child Quick Reference Guide: Statelessness and Human Rights Treaties: https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR-CRC-02-UNHCR-UNICEF.pdf 13 UNICEF Data Warehouse, Percentage of children under age 5 whose births are registered, 2022: https://data.unicef.org/resources/data_explorer [accessed 31 July 2024] 14 UNICEF, Every Child’s Birth Right: inequities and trends in birth registration: https://www.unicef.org/documents/every-childs-birthright 15 UNICEF Data Warehouse, Percentage of children under age 5 whose births are registered, 2022: https://data.unicef.org/resources/data_explorer [accessed 31 July 2024] 16 See UNSD, Demographic and Social Statistics, Civil Registration and Vital Statistics: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographicsocial/crvs/#coverage 17 Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 7, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 24(2), Council of Europe (2009) Recommendation to Member States on the Nationality of Children, Principle 23, UNHCR Guidelines on Statelessness No. 4 (2012): V(c), UNHCR Global Action Plan to End Statelessness 2014-2024: Action 7, UN Sustainable Development Goal 16.9 18 Convention on the Rights of the Child 19 UNICEF (2013) Every Child’s Birth Right: Inequities and Trends in Birth Registration: https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Birth_Registration_11_Dec_13.pdf 20 For more examples of good practice on birth registration, see UNHCR (2017) Good Practices Paper - Action 7: Ensuring birth registration for the prevention of statelessness: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a0ac8f94.html 21 Czech Republic Act on Birth Registry no. 301/2000 Sb. 16.6: https://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirkazakonu/SearchResult.aspx?q=301/2000&typeLaw=zakon&what=Cislo_zakona_smlouvy 22 Court of Appeal of Gipuzkoa, judgment no. 341/2022 (appeal no. 2209/2022), 11 May 2022: https://caselaw.statelessness.eu/caselaw/spain-court-appeal-gipuzkoa-appeal-no-22092022 23 EMN (2020) Statelessness in the EU: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/00_eu_inform_statelessness_en.pdf 24 The reference to ‘Roma’ or ‘Romani’ in this briefing, as umbrella terms, encompass a wide range of different people of Romani origin, such as Roma, Sinti, Kale, Romanichels and Boyash/Rudari. It also encompasses groups such as Ashkali, Egyptians, Yenish, Dom, Lom, Rom and Abdal, as well as traveller populations, including ethnic Travellers or those designated under the administrative term gens du voyage and people who identify as Gypsies, Tsiganes or Tziganes, without denying their specificities. 25 ENS, ISI, ERRC and Tirana Legal Aid Society. Roma Belong: Statelessness, Discrimination and Marginalisation of Roma in the Western Balkans and Ukraine. February 2018, p. 34: https://www.statelessness.eu/sites/www.statelessness.eu/files/attachments/resources/romabelong.pdf 26 The AIRE Centre and ENS (2024) Submission to the ECtHR on Ramadani v. Serbia: https://www.statelessness.eu/updates/publications/submission-ecthr-ramadani-v-serbia 27 Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of children in the context of international migration in countries of origin, transit, destination and return: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html 28 Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of children in the context of international migration in countries of origin, transit, destination and return: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html