90 Unwanted and ambivalent citizenship for the most part in South American countries, a person can obtain a new citizen ship without having to renounce the previous one, and voting rights are extended quite widely, this is associated in some cases with a restriction on the rights of those persons thereby made formal citizens by naturalisation. For Hoyo, this sug gests that naturalised Mexican citizens are not seen as full and equal citizens.35 He finds that the discrimination against citizens by naturalisation extends far into the State, so that Mexicans by naturalisation are limited in the jobs and appointments they can take. They are excluded from the diplomatic service for example, some government positions, and cannot serve on the board of governors of some cultural, higher educational, or research institutions. In one sense, they have greater ability to consent to or withhold consent from Mexican citizenship. In another sense, they are unable fully to enjoy Mexican citizenship. Hoyo observes that such discrimination is not unique to Mexico. He recalls that the US President or Vice President must be citizen by birth.36 And other authors have identified much wider distinctions, that go beyond being able to sit in key positions of power (see, for example, discussions in the work of Linda Bosniak, Kelly Staples and Katherine Tonkiss).37 Ayelet Shachar critiques what she describes as ‘birthright citizenship’, the assumption that citizenship should be assigned at birth and that citizenship that has been allocated at birth, takes precedence over other relationships.38 Peter Nyers, like Shachar, draws attention to instances that are referred to as ‘accidental citizenship’, for example, where the implicit assumptions of citizenship can become more explicit.39 There is, then, also a strange hierarchy in the membership of the global community of citizens, and from the EUDO index and the work of Hoyo, we can see that the fully recognised citizenship in practice seems to be the one you cannot choose and cannot reject. This further challenges the freedom of citizenship. The lan guage of noncitizenship, and the sense that unhyphenated noncitizenship inter twines with both formal and informal citizenship, can help us to examine what is happening here. 35 Recall also the passage from the New Testament Acts Chapter 22 Verses 27–29: ‘The com mander went to Paul and asked, “Tell me, are you a Roman citizen?” “Yes, I am,” he answered. Then the commander said, “I had to pay a lot of money for my citizenship.” “But I was born a citizen,” Paul replied. Those who were about to interrogate him withdrew immediately. The com mander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put Paul, a Roman citizen, in chains.’ Reference suggested by Daniel Gorman (2006) Imperial Citizenship: Empire and the Question of Belonging, Manchester University Press. 36 Hoyo ibid. p. 5 n. 7. 37 Linda Bosniak (2010) ‘Peasants and Citizens in Consittuional Thought’, pp. 9–29 in I.CONN 8; Kelly Staples (2012) Retheorising Statelessness, Edinburgh University Press; Katherine Tonkiss (2013) ‘Constitutional Patriotism, Migration and the post-National Dilemma’, pp. 491–504 in Citizenship Studies 17(4–3). 38 Ayelet Shachar (2009) Birthright Citizenship: Citizenship and Global Inequality, Harvard Uni versity Press. 39 Peter Nyers (2006) ‘The Accidental Citizen: Acts of Sovereignty and (un)Making Citizenship’, pp. 22–41 in Economy and Society 35(1).