• Tnuva was established in 1926 and eventually
monopolized the dairy mar-ket as the largest Israeli
dairy compa-ny before it was sold in 2014. Tnuva
advertisements promoted the pur-chase of its dairy
products as a way to strengthen Zionism.23
• The Hebrew University of Jerusalem was inaugurated
by Lord Balfour (of the 1917 Balfour Declaration) in April
1925. The World Zionist Organiza-tion played a critical
role in its estab-lishment so that it “would serve a role in
the Zionist colonization program in Palestine.”24
• By the early 1940s, the average rural Palestinian family
had less than half of the agricultural land required for their
subsistence.25
• As many as 70 Palestinian rural villag-es disappeared.26
The continued increase
of the Zionist-Jewish
population
and
their
British-assisted
development
resulted
in numerous clashes
between the indigenous
Palestinian population
and newly arrived Jewish
immigrants.27 From the
beginning of the British
Mandate in Palestine in
1922 to the end of 1947,
an estimated 100,000–
150,000
Palestinians
– nearly one-tenth of
the Palestinian Arab population – were expelled, denationalized, or forced to leave their
homes. Additionally, tens of thousands of Palestinians were internally displaced as a result
of Zionist colonization, the eviction of tenant farmers, and punitive home demolitions by
the British administration.
23
World Zionist Organization (WZO), ‘In Those Days: Tnuva’ (The Central Zionist Archives, 17 May 2013). <http://www.
zionistarchives.org.il/en/tags/Pages/Tnuva.aspx> accessed 3 October 2022
24
Uri Cohen, ‘University vs Society in a Period of Nation Building: The Hebrew University in Pre-State Israel’ (2007)
(19(1) Historical Studies in Education, 81-110 <https://historicalstudiesineducation.ca/index.php/edu_hse-rhe/article/
view/274/691> accessed 3 October 2022.
25
Basheer K Nijim, Nijim, Toward the De-Arabization of Palestine: Israel 1945–1977 (Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company
1984), 10; Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (Columbia University
Press 2009), 113–114.
26
Sharif Kanaana, Still on Vacation! The Eviction of the Palestinians in 1948 (Jerusalem International Center for Palestinian
Studies 1992), 96.
27
Tony Rea and John Wright, The Arab-Israeli Conflict, (Oxford University Press 1997), 14-19.
5
1
• Establishment of factories, such as Tnuva,
as well as academic institutions including
Hebrew University, and developing
farms, commercial services, advanced
agriculture, and importing machinery in
preparation for the establishment of the
Zionist state.
Chapter
Developing
Zionist
Institutions
and
Communities
while Inducing
the Dedevelopment
of Palestinian
Communities