system. This absence is due in large to the frequent and recurring displacement of the described population by the Israeli forces and the regime’s respective colonial-apartheid policies that continue to result in forced population transfer. According to the 2022 Global Report on Internal Displacement by (IDMC) and Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), at the end of 2021, there were 118,000 IDPs in the oPt, which in the last 10 years have been primarily caused by Israeli military bombardments on the Gaza Strip.227 In the previous three years the same source recorded that there were 238,000 in 2018, 243,000 in 2019 and 131,000 in 2020.228 This figure is lower than BADIL’s estimate due to two factors. The first being that the IDMC does not consider natural growth of the IDP population for those who have been denied a durable solution, whereas BADIL’s estimates do consider this for as long as individuals are not enabled to practice one of the durable solutions and provided reparation as prescribed in international law.229 The second is that the IDMC’s assessed triggers of displacement are narrower than BADIL’s, particularly with respect to understanding what constitutes a coercive environment.230 2.2.1. Refugees Registered in Camps As of December 2021, UNRWA’s records show that 1,814,295 Palestinian refugees are registered in one of the 58 official refugee camps throughout UNRWA’s five areas of operation.231 Registered refugees in camps comprise 31.2 percent of the registered Palestine refugees (27.7 percent of the total UNRWA registered persons).232 The majority of Palestinian refugees registered in camps are 1948 refugees and their descendants. A smaller number of refugees displaced for the first time in 1967 are also registered in refugee camps, primarily in Jordan and Syria. It should be noted it is not necessary to physically reside in a camp to be deemed an UNRWA registered person in that camp. Due to factors which include forcible secondary displacement, high population density, poor infrastructure, and lack of livelihoods, some refugees have moved to areas outside the camp but are still registered as living within its boundaries. For instance, more than 237,000 Palestinian refugees reside in one of the 17 unofficial camps in the oPt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. 227 ‘Palestine’ in Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) and NRC, ‘GRID 2022: Children and youth in internal displacement’ (2022), 49-50 <https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/IDMC_GRID_2022_ HQ.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 228 IDMC, ‘Country Profile: Palestine, State of ’ (IDMC, 19 May 2022) <https://www.internal-displacement.org/ countries/palestine> accessed 3 October 2022. 229 See BADIL, Denial of Reparations (n 45). 230 Simon Reynolds and BADIL, Coercive Environments: Israel’s Forcible Transfer of Palestinians in the Occupied Territory (BADIL 2017) <https://www.badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2021/04/20/ft-coercive-environments-1618907680.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 231 A camp, according to UNRWA’s working definition, is a plot of land placed at the disposal of the Agency by a host government for accommodating Palestine refugees, and for avenue up facilities to cater to their needs. The plots of land on which camps were originally set up either belong to the state, or, in most cases, are leased from local landowners by the host government. This means that the refugees in camps do not “own” the land on which their shelters stand, but have the right to “use” the land for a residence. The lease agreements have a time frame of 99 years, after which the land should revert back to the original owner. See UNRWA, Palestine Refugees (n 205). 232 UNRWA, ‘Statistics Bulletin’ (UNRWA, 2021) [hereinafter UNRWA, Statistics Bulletin] <https://www.unrwa.org/ what-we-do/unrwa-statistics-bulletin> accessed 3 October 2022. 46