A central tenant in undermining the Palestinian right to education is carried out through exerting pressure on the PA, and now UNRWA,164 to alter the curriculum taught in Palestinian schools, including UNRWA schools. This is done through conditional funding by the international donor community, on which the PA and UNRWA are heavily dependent on, which is fostered, nurtured, and promoted by a series of biased Israeli studies on Palestinian textbooks that equate content covering the Palestinian people’s collective national identity, heritage and values with inciting racial hatred and violence.165 Similarly, the US-UNRWA Framework Agreement additionally imposes obligations to neutralize and decontextualize UNRWA’s educational curriculum of any national, historical, and Palestinian content, thereby depriving Palestinian children of their awareness of their human rights and their ability to later engage in political participation for the purpose of realizing their people’s right to selfdetermination. Delegitimizing Palestinian Political Parties and Civil Society Organizations The defamation, smear, and delegitimization campaigns that Palestinian and international CSOs advocating for Palestinian rights are facing stem from Israeli Government-Organized NGOs (GONGOs) that aim to discredit, silence, and defund organizations that criticize Israeli colonial policies and practices. These Zionist GONGOs function under the auspices of the former Israeli Strategic Affairs Ministry, and lobby governments to pass laws and develop policies to suppress domestic and international organizations. In fact, Israel’s designation of six Palestinian Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as terrorist entities by both the Israeli Minister of Defense and the military in October 2021 is a direct repercussion of the donor community’s decision, mainly the EU, to include terminology that designates Palestinian political parties as terrorist entities while granting contracts. Although the decision is fallacious and based on unsubstantiated claims, several funders have delayed their contributions to 162 BADIL, Israel’s Apartheid-Colonial Education: Subjugating Palestinian Minds and Rights (Working Paper No. 26, BADIL 2020), 25-27 [hereinafter, BADIL, Colonial Education] <https://www.badil.org/cached_uploads/view/2021/04/19/wp26right2education-1618824001.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 163 WAFA, ‘Palestinian schools in Jerusalem go on strike in protest against Israeli attempts to impose distorted textbooks’ (WAFA, 19 September 2022) <https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/130909>. See also Zena Al Tahhan, ‘Palestinian schools in Jerusalem strike over Israel-imposed books’ (Al-Jazeera, 19 September 2022) <https://www.aljazeera.com/ news/2022/9/19/jerusalem-palestinian-schools-strike-over-israeli-imposed-books> accessed 3 October 2022. 164 BADIL, UNRWA Framework Agreement (n 160). 165 BADIL, Colonial Education (n 162), 2-5. 31 1 Chapter colonizer violence around schools, threats and intimidation of students and teachers, military closures and incursions during school time, as well as detention of children on their way to and within schools.162 On the 19 September 2022, hundreds of schools in East Jerusalem observed a general strike in protest of Israel’s attempts to impose the Israeli curriculum and biased colonial textbooks, and in response to the Israeli Ministry of Education’s revocation of six schools’ teaching licenses and the threat of revoking several others under the pretext of using textbooks that “allegedly incite against the occupying state and its army”.163