refugees and IDPs especially vulnerable to further displacement. For instance, since the Syrian crisis began, more than 280,000 Palestinian refugees from Syria have been internally displaced, and around 120,000 have fled to neighboring countries,90 highlighting how Israel’s denial of the right to return coupled with the failure of the international community and the lack of effective protection leads to further displacement of the Palestinian people, either as forced transfer within Palestine or as secondary displacement of refugees inside host countries. 1.2.8. Suppression of Resistance Israel employs various mechanisms to suppress legitimate Palestinian resistance.91 It is a right protected and reinforced in UN resolutions, which includes the right to armed and unarmed struggle,92 and has been recognized with specific reference to the Palestinian struggle.93 Israel’s purpose from this policy is to control the population, further colonize Palestinian land, and ultimately forcibly transfer the Palestinian people. To achieve this, Israel engages in a wide range of violent and bureaucratic practices that individually and collectively target Palestinians, their families, and communities. Such practices include, inter alia, collective punishment, arbitrary arrest and detention, the suppression of freedom of assembly and expression, and the illegal and excessive use of force.94 These forms of persecution cause and result in the perpetuation and creation of new displacement. 1.2.9. State-Backed Non-state Actors Israel depends on a number of non-state actors to facilitate its colonization, expansion, and forcible transfer of the Palestinian population. Non-state actors include three main categories: parastatal Israeli-Jewish organizations, Israeli-Jewish civil society and colonizers, and the private sector – either national or international corporations.95 These entities operate 90 UNRWA, ‘Syria Crisis’ (UNRWA, 11 May 2022) <https://www.unrwa.org/Syria-crisis> accessed 3 October 2022. See BADIL, Forced Population Transfer: The Case of Palestine - Suppression of Resistance (Working Paper No. 19, BADIL 2016) [hereinafter BADIL, Suppression of Resistance] <http://www.badil.org/phocadownloadpap/badil-new/ publications/research/working-papers/wp19-Suppression-of-Resistance.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 92 UNGA Resolution 33/24 of 29 November 1978, “Reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples for independence, territorial integrity, national unity and liberation from colonial and foreign domination and foreign occupation by all available means, particularly armed struggle”, see Importance of the Universal Realization of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination and of the Speedy Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for the Effective Guarantee and Observance of Human Rights, UNGA Res A/RES/33/24 (29 November 1978), available at: <https:// documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/360/42/IMG/NR036042.pdf ?OpenElement> accessed 3 October 2022. 93 UNGA Resolution 3236 of 1974 by which the UNGA reaffirmed the Palestinian people’s inalienable rights, including self-determination, national independence, sovereignty, and refugees’ return to their homes and property from where they were displaced. It also recognizes “the right of the Palestinian people to regain its rights by all means in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.” The Question of Palestine, UNGA Res A/ RES/3236 (XXIX) (22 November 1974) <https://undocs.org/A/RES/3236%20(XXIX)> accessed 3 October 2022. 94 BADIL, Suppression of Resistance (n 91). 95 BADIL, Corporate Complicity in Violations of International Law in Palestine (BADIL 2014) <http://www.badil.org/ phocadownloadpap/badil-new/publications/research/in-focus/complicit-comanies-en.pdf> accessed 3 October 2022. 91 18