‘Humanising’ Statelessness Tamás Molnár has expressed a similar view. 34 From the literature concerned with solving statelessness, whether by implementing human rights conventions properly or by eradicating discriminatory nationality laws based on gender, race, ethnicity or religion, 35 it is undeniable that the nation-state is a point of focus. Nevertheless, some literature also discusses how international and regional communities can create pressure on states or mobilise the rights of stateless persons to influence nation-states. 36 In contrast, other literature focuses on the setbacks involved in resolving statelessness. For instance, Zahra Al Barazi and Jason Tucker have discussed how the absence of a common language or consistent frameworks for accessing citizenship — in avoiding statelessness — hinders the efficacy of reducing statelessness in a region such as the Middle East. 37 Tendayi Bloom problematises the idea that stateless persons ought to find remedies for their situation through the citizenship framework of the recognised nation-state, although the author does not deny the importance of citizenship in the current nation-state-based world for accessing human rights. 38 Similarly, Kelly Staples also focuses on the discriminatory way states treat certain groups in the provision of citizenship rights and their inability to ensure basic universality in human status. 39 This last point remains a setback to UNHCR’s aims of ending statelessness through birth registration, documentation and non-discrimination, reflected in each case in the politics of recognition. 40 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Tamás Molnár, ‘A Fresh Examination of Facilitated Naturalization as a Solution for Stateless People’ in Laura Van Waas and Melanie J Khanna (eds), Solving Statelessness (Wolf Legal 2016) 230. Laura van Waas, Zahra Albarazi and Deirdre Brennan, ‘Gender Discrimination in Nationality Laws: Human Rights Pathways to Gender Neutrality’ in Niamh Reilly (ed), International Human Rights of Women (Springer 2019) 193, 207; Neda Shaheen, ‘Discriminatory Nationality Laws Must Be Eliminated in Order to Eradicate Statelessness’ (2018) 11(2) DePaul Journal for Social Justice 1; Ronan Lee, ‘Myanmar’s Citizenship Law as State Crime’ (2019) 8(2) State Crime Journal 241. Bronwen Manby, Ayalew Getachew Assefa and Julia Sloth-Nielsen, ‘The Right to a Nationality in Africa: New Norms and New Commitments’ in Laura Van Waas and Melanie J Khanna (eds), Solving Statelessness (Wolf Legal 2016) 261; Laura van Waas, Katja Swider and Giulia Bittoni, ‘The Evolving Role of the European Union in Addressing Statelessness’ in Laura Van Waas and Melanie J Khanna (eds), Solving Statelessness (Wolf Legal 2017) 375. Zahra Al Barazi and Jason Tucker, ‘Challenging the Disunity of Statelessness in the Middle East and North Africa’ in Tendayi Bloom, Katherine Tonkiss and Phillip Cole (eds), Understanding Statelessness (Routledge 2017) 87. Tandayi Bloom, ‘Members of Colonised Groups, Statelessness and the Right to Have Rights’ in Tendayi Bloom, Katherine Tonkiss and Phillip Cole (eds), Understanding Statelessness (Routledge 2017) 153. Kelly Staples, ‘Recognition, Nationality, and Statelessness: State-Based Challenges for UNHCR’s Plan to End Statelessness’ in Tendayi Bloom, Katherine Tonkiss and Phillip Cole (eds), Understanding Statelessness (Routledge 2017) 173. See, eg, UNHCR Global Action Plan (n 30). See also Ending Statelessness within 10 Years (Report, UNHCR 2010) <https://www.unhcr.org/protection/statelessness/546217229/special-report-endingstatelessness-10-years.html>; I Am Here, I Belong: The Urgent Need to End Childhood Statelessness (Report, UNHCR 2015) <https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/the-urgent-need-toend-childhood-statelessness/>. 279