Conventions along with non-States parties. The source of data for the report is an internal UNHCR survey launched in 2024 completed by UNHCR colleagues at the country or multi-country level to the best of their knowledge. As of August 2025, 167 countries had responded to the survey which is utilized for the figures within this report. The data is also updated by UNHCR as policy environments change. Elements of the survey data are available via an interactive dashboard. (Scan the QR code to access the dashboard) 3. Travel documents for refugees Refugees cannot access or safely use their national passports due to persecution linked to their home countries. Travel documents issued for refugees by their hosting countries help them travel abroad legally for various purposes including to work, study, reunite with family members, access medical services or join events. This ability to travel internationally strengthens refugee self-reliance and autonomy. As examined at an Expert Roundtable in 2024, there are several types of travel documents commonly issued to refugees:4 • eMRCTD/MRCTDs (electronic and/or machine readable Convention Travel Documents) Travel documents for refugees linked to the 1951 Refugee Convention with protection safeguards. They are issued by hosting States and feature the machine readable zone (MRZ) which encodes personal data in a standardized format equipped for airport/border scanners. eMRCTDs have an electronic chip in addition to the MRZ. • Other eMRTDs/MRTDs (electronic and/or machine readable Travel Documents) Other types of travel documents with an MRZ issued to refugees outside of CTDs. eMRTDs have an electronic chip in addition to the required MRZ. These can include foreigner/alien passports or certificates of identity. Without a link to the 1951 Refugee Convention, protection safeguards may vary, which is why this type is noted as “needs review”. • Manual CTDs (Convention Travel Documents) Travel documents for refugees linked to the 1951 Refugee Convention and issued by States without the required MRZ. These include the UNHCR-procured CTD booklets issued by some States which are in use exceptionally due to the low remaining stock as States transition to MRCTDs. These would not be ICAO-compliant and therefore have significant limitations in use. • Other manual TDs (Travel Documents) Travel documents issued by States to refugees without the required MRZ. This is a broad category which includes various types of travel documents that may be issued to refugees. These would not be ICAO-compliant and therefore have significant limitations in use. 4 Note: this report does not cover one-way or emergency travel documents which have significant limitations and restrictions due to their purpose and scope. 2