3. In the case of orphans with Dutch nationality, the Dutch Government assesses on a case-bycase basis whether and how they can return to the Netherlands. 4. With the help of a French repatriation mission, the Dutch Government repatriated two Dutch children to the Netherlands in June 2019. THE UNITED KINGDOM On 18 November 2020, RSI presented the following summary of factual findings to the British Government: 55 1. RSI’s research shows that there are an estimated 35 British children and 15 British women being arbitrarily detained in al Hol and Roj camps. 2. These women and children are being held in inhumane conditions, as noted by numerous humanitarian organisations and NGOs. Children are dying regularly from preventable and treatable causes, including malnutrition, pneumonia, dehydration and tent fires. Within five days between 6 to 10 August 2020, eight children under five years old died in al Hol camp alone. During its research, RSI was made aware of the death of at least one British child in the camps from respiratory problems. RSI has also documented instances of children being killed, sexually abused and unaccompanied minors going missing. Women are subject to physical punishment and solitary confinement for months at a time. Sometimes children are placed in solitary confinement with their mothers; at other times children are left alone in the tents to fend for themselves. 3. The British Government has the sole ability to end the arbitrary detention of their nationals. The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (‘AANES’) has made repeated requests for foreign States to repatriate their nationals and has made clear that they will not release British nationals unless and until the UK repatriates them. 4. The British Government’s policy on repatriation of its nationals detained in al Hol or Roj camp currently consists of a willingness to repatriate only British orphans and unaccompanied minors and only if this can be done in a safe manner. Children who manage to escape al Hol or Roj and reach a British consulate may be given consular assistance subject to national security concerns. Otherwise, the British Government refuses to repatriate on the basis that it considers that the alleged security risk posed by those detained is best managed outside of the UK. 5. To date, the UK has repatriated 6 children from the camps (five on 21 November 2019 and one in September 2020). 6. Contrary to what has been stated by some British politicians, repatriation of all their nationals from al Hol and Roj camps is logistically possible and does not pose an insurmountable safety risk to British officials. This is evidenced by the fact that some repatriations have already been carried out both by the UK and other foreign States, including throughout the pandemic. RSI’s research has revealed that the UK, like a number of European States, has RIGHTS & SECURITY INTERNATIONAL