designed to sever the attachment of Palestinians to their land and to each other, undermining the right to self-determination, a peremptory norm of international law. These policies reduce Palestinian communities to strangled and isolated Bantustans, surrounded by Israeli colonies, with no continuity and lacking the organic connections that once unified them. Moreover, they are enacted against the entire structure of Palestinian society, concentrating Palestinians into villages detached from their agricultural lands, then into towns, urban centers and across Palestine as a whole. This undermines the integrity of Mandatory Palestine and therefore the legitimacy of its indigenous people to lay claim to their territorial rights, and most critically their right to self-determination. 4.2. Undermining the Tenets of the Right to Self-Determination Interconnected and coordinated practices and policies of segregation, fragmentation and isolation culminate in the rupturing of each tenet of self-determination as described under Common Article 1(1) of the ICCPR and of the ICESCR. 4.2.1. De-Development of the Economic, Social and Cultural Pillars of Palestinian Society With regards to the first tenet of self-determination, Israel’s policies are deployed to systematically inhibit the right of Palestinians to freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and their correlated free and unhindered disposal of Palestine’s natural wealth and resources. De-development and economic dependency The Palestinian economy, once centered on an agrarian structure around which communities, land and societal connections were ordered and understood, has been deliberately dismantled and obliterated by Israel’s policies of segregation, fragmentation and isolation. On the one hand, the oppressive control and domination of the transportation system has led to the collapse of traditional Palestinian economic industries that used to form the basis of their self-sufficiency. For example, such policies have deliberately obstructed access to Palestinian lands and economies which 99