4 47 3. Understanding Segregation, Fragmentation and Isolation through Case Studies: Bethlehem and Umm Al-Fahm 47 - - - - - 3.1. Case Study of Bethlehem 49 - - - - - - - - - - 3.1.1. Bethlehem and Jerusalem: The Fragmentation of Twin Cities 66 - - - - - - - - - - 3.1.2. De-Development: Deteriorating Social, Economic and Political Environment 72 - - - - - - - - - - 3.1.3. Depoliticization 74 - - - - - 3.2. Case Study of Umm al-Fahm 74 - - - - - - - - - - 3.2.1. From a Thriving Regional Hub to a Besieged City 77 - - - - - - - - - - 3.2.2. Fragmentation to Stifle Political Unity and Resistance 81 - - - - - - - - - - 3.2.3. The Isolation of Umm al-Fahm 90 - - - - - - - - - - 3.2.4. De-Development: Deteriorating Social, Economic, and Political Environment 97 4. Conclusion: Undermining the Right to Self-Determination to Erase the Palestinian People 97 - - - - - 4.1. Segregating, Fragmenting and Isolating the Palestinian People and their Lands 99 - - - - - 4.2. Undermining the Tenets of the Right to Self-Determination 99 - - - - - - - - - - 4.2.1. De-Development of the Economic, Social and Cultural Pillars of Palestinian Society 101 - - - - - - - - - - 4.2.2. The Dismantling of Collective Politicization, Disempowerment and Targeting of Political Resistance 104 - - - - - - - - - - 4.2.3. The Coercive Environment and Forcible Population Transfer 106 - - - - - 4.3. States’ Duties and Recommendations