Jules Lepoutre Table 1: Number of grounds for loss of citizenship per Member State (source: GLOBALCIT)98 Lithuania Netherlands Germany Belgium Spain Latvia Italy France Austria Romania Finland Estonia Bulgaria Slovenia Malta Ireland Greece Denmark Cyprus Slovakia Luxembourg United Kingdom Sweden Portugal Hungary Croatia Poland Czechia 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 The best provision for safeguarding nationality, regardless of the different grounds specified in the legislation of Member States, lies in European case law. Both legitimacy of legislations of Member States regarding international standards, and proportionality of individual measures of deprivation regarding human rights, are explored and firmly controlled by the Courts of Luxembourg and Strasbourg. European case-law represents, beyond the categories of the legislation and the technical nuances, an established law that binds together European principles and rules on nationality deprivation. 98 26 Mode L15 (Loss of other reasons) is omitted for consistency reasons; other modes are updated. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Working Papers