QUESTIONS FOR CRITICAL REFLECTION, DISCUSSION OR DEBATE • While some lip service is paid to the ‘dark history’ of denationalisation in contemporary writing and debate on the use of citizenship stripping, the clear link to crimes against humanity does not feature very strongly. Why do you think that is? Why is the language of the Nuremburg trials about denationalisation as “crimes camouflaged as legislation” not more widely known/understood? And what more could be done to promote acknowledgement of this dimension of the issue? • Mass arbitrary deprivation of nationality is often committed via government policies and laws. Who could, or should, be considered liable in those cases for the commission of such a crime and why? • Which would you argue is a more likely or more appropriate response to mass deprivation of nationality, criminal sanctions or economic sanctions, and why? LEARN MORE… According to Cóman Kenny, mass arbitrary deprivation of nationality targeting a minority group is a tool of discrimination and depending on the circumstances, it can be characterised as an international crime. Look into examples of minorities being targeted by mass arbitrary deprivation of nationality throughout history and now. What is the impact of such a measure on the human rights of the targeted minorities? Can you identify a link between statelessness and atrocity crimes committed against the targeted minorities you are reviewing? • Find out more about ‘anti-transportation campaigns’: who organised them, what were the techniques used, how successful were they? • Reflect on the geopolitical context of modern denationalisation: which are the states performing banishment and which are the ‘dumping grounds’? What is the relationship between them and can you imagine an equivalent strategy being adopted by states that are today functioning as the ‘dumping grounds’ for banished citizens?