In some makeshift sites around Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar area, humanitarian agencies have built tube wells that provide a much needed source of drinking water for undocumented Rohingya living outside the oicial camps. © UNHCR/Saiful Huq Omi UNHCR seeks equal treatment for all Rohingya in Bangladesh A small proportion who led violence decades ago are considered refugees, while many recent arrivals remain undocumented and miss out on vital aid. UKHIYA, Bangladesh - At a glance, Mostafa and Sohel* have a lot in common. the UN Refugee Agency, and its partners in southeastern Bangladesh. As a young man in 1992, Mostafa led violence in the northern part of Rakhine state in Myanmar to seek refuge in Bangladesh. He has a home in Kutupalong camp and access to basic services including food assistance, healthcare and education for his wife and three children. Now in his 50s, he has learnt to speak English well and is working as a photographer in the camp. Twenty-ive years later Sohel took the same journey. After weeks of violence amid a security operation in his village, the 22-year-old had to be carried across the Naf River to safety earlier this year, his body burnt and swollen. Pointing to the scars on his feet, Sohel said: “They beat us senseless and left us to die in a ditch. We were ive people in the group, only three survived.” Both men found refuge in Bangladesh, where Mostafa recently guided Sohel to a hospital to received treatment for his injuries. But despite their common Rohingya background and circumstances, Mostafa and Sohel are being treated very diferently. As part of the influx of refugees in the early 1990s, Mostafa is among 33,000 registered refugees living in two government-run camps serviced by UNHCR, In contrast, Sohel has no legal status in Bangladesh as one of more than 70,000 Rohingya new arrivals who are believed to have fled a security operation between October 2016 and February 2017. He lives with people from his home village and keeps a low proile. He receives ad hoc assistance if he is lucky. A third category consists of an estimated 200,000 to 500,000 undocumented Rohingya who arrived in Bangladesh between the two influxes. They live in makeshift sites and local villages, and until recently had no access to humanitarian aid. “The current situation is not sustainable,” said Shinji Kubo, UNHCR’s Representative in Bangladesh. “Regardless of when they came and where they live, 9