CONTENTS Glossary.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Statelessness across the globe.................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.1 Defining “a stateless person”................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 Causes of statelessness........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 Consequences of statelessness...........................................................................................................................................................10 1.2 The international and regional legal framework..................................................................................................................................10 2. The Face of Statelessness in Denmark...........................................................................................................................................................12 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................................12 2.1.1 Historical background .............................................................................................................................................................................12 2.1.1.1 Acquisition of nationality..................................................................................................................................................................12 2.1.1.2 The “statelessness case”...............................................................................................................................................................14 2.2 A statistical overview of the stateless population in Denmark.......................................................................................................15 2.2.1 Specifics of the data used.....................................................................................................................................................................15 2.2.2 The target population ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2.1 Stateless persons with residence rights...................................................................................................................................18 2.2.2.2 Stateless persons seeking asylum or other residence permits ......................................................................................25 2.2.3 A summary of the developments after 2011...................................................................................................................................36 2.3 Qualitative analysis of the situation of stateless persons .............................................................................................................. 37 2.3.1 Specifics of the information used....................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.3.2 Procedural aspects............................................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.3.3 The human face of statelessness......................................................................................................................................................39 2.3.4 Hopes and expectations for the future............................................................................................................................................40 2.4 Conclusions and recommendations........................................................................................................................................................41 3. Determination of statelessness and rights attached to the status........................................................................................................41 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................................................42 3.2 National legal framework...........................................................................................................................................................................43 3.3 Statelessness determination procedure or other procedures in which statelessness status is determined.................44 3.3.1 Competent authority..............................................................................................................................................................................45 3.3.2 Procedural aspects................................................................................................................................................................................46 3.3.2.1 Initiation of the procedure and course of the procedure....................................................................................................46 3.3.2.2 Standard and burden of proof................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.2.3 Access to courts (appeal procedures)....................................................................................................................................48 3.3.2.4 Other procedural aspects: developments after 2011..........................................................................................................49 3.3.3 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................................................................................50 4 Mapping Statelessness in Denmark