Palestinian organizations in East Jerusalem, and many eventually moved to Ramallah or other West Bank cities. “In terms of the Judaization of the city, the migration of all Palestinian organizations out of Jerusalem created a situation that facilitates the displacement of Palestinians. Before the [Oslo] peace process, Jerusalem was effectively a Palestinian capital, it was the center of Palestinian activities, transportation… it was the center where all the human rights and civil society organizations were based. But after the peace process, and after Jerusalem became isolated physically from the rest of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, all the organizations ended up migrating to Ramallah and now many people from Jerusalem go and work in Ramallah on a continuous basis. Jerusalem doesn’t offer jobs to Palestinian Jerusalemites. This means for many Palestinians that they have to either travel back and forth daily to Ramallah through the Qalandia [military] checkpoint. But some people might decide to go and move to the other side of the checkpoint [outside of East Jerusalem, to the rest of the West Bank] for convenience, and this obviously threatens their residency permit that is given by the Israelis and their ability to continue to live in Jerusalem after that because of the risk of losing their residency status in Jerusalem. This move was mainly because of the disconnect from the West Bank. If there's an organization that is mainly staffed by Palestinians with West Bank ID, they will not be able to access this organization if it continues to be in Jerusalem. Al-Haq for example [Palestinian human rights organization], was based in Jerusalem before it moved to Ramallah. There are a lot of cultural and scientific organizations that moved to Ramallah. So yes, I think the biggest risk is the migration of the organizations. Everything is focused in Ramallah and other parts of the West Bank. Palestinians [Jerusalemites] now are alienated from the rest of the Palestinian community, somehow they feel different. There's a little bit of a gap from the fragmentation that was caused by the Israeli occupation of Jerusalem, and certainly the separation. We don't anymore see our family members in Gaza, I’m half-Gazan myself actually, and we're totally disconnected with the exception of the people who get medical treatment in Jerusalem and get permits to come. So this physical division and fragmentation is indirectly causing some cultural differences.” Munir Nuseibah, director of the Community Action Center, Jerusalem Interview: 27 November 2016 In addition to the transfer of many organizations out of Jerusalem, the Israeli policies of suppression are also widespread elsewhere in the West Bank. Israel has moved to shut down institutions based on the grounds of political affiliation. Israel systematically targets “philanthropic and social service networks” linked to Hamas in the oPt. Related organizations are typically 82