state of Israel”.117 It is unclear exactly how many Palestinians have had their residency revoked for breach of allegiance since 2006, but there have been at least 12.118 In June 2006 for example, three members of the Palestinian legislative council had their residency revoked. In January 2016, four East Jerusalem Palestinians also had their residency revoked for being suspected of committing criminal offences.119 “These Palestinians are not in prison, which means Israel has no criminal charges against them. It doesn't accuse them of any criminal act. So they are free, but at the same time considered to be individuals who have no allegiance to the state of Israel. They have now been forcibly transferred [their residency permit for Jerusalem was punitively revoked] and are living in Ramallah because of their breach of allegiance, according to Israel. And this is very dangerous. They are individuals who have been accused and punished because of what they think and their political affiliation. Now, how do we know the future of this policy? I think the fact that they introduced a criterion like ‘allegiance to the state of Israel’ as a precondition for living in Jerusalem, in our own city, is very dangerous because we don’t know how different it will be in the future. Who knows how the Israeli authorities will be interpreting the criterion of allegiance in the future? I think this is a very dangerous criterion to have because we don't know what it means in the first place, we don't know what it will mean in the future. It could mean anything; cultural allegiance, political... No Palestinian pledges allegiance to Israel in East Jerusalem. All of them consider Israel an occupying power that will have to leave Jerusalem one day, and therefore, putting allegiance as a precondition for living in Jerusalem puts them at risk of displacement.” Munir Nuseibah, director of the Community Action Center, Jerusalem Interview: 27 November 2016 There exists no reasonable basis to suggest that Israel’s forced displacement of those individuals highlighted above was conducted under grounds permitted by Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention nor has Israel made any argument to this effect.120 Such displacement is clearly not undertaken for the ‘security of the population’, understood as a scenario whereby an area is in danger as a result of military operations or is liable to be subject to 117 Community Action Center, Punitive Residency Revocation: The most recent tool of forcible transfer, April 2016. Available at: http://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/JQ66_ Recent%20Documents.pdf 118 Ibid. 119 Ibid. 120 “The Occupying Power may undertake total or partial evacuation of a given area if the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand. Such evacuations may not involve the displacement of protected persons outside the bounds of the occupied territory except when for material reasons it is impossible to avoid such displacement. Persons thus evacuated shall be transferred back to their homes as soon as hostilities in the area in question have ceased.” Geneva Convention IV , Article 49 34

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