these citizens or organizations and bans any person involved with them from “participating in any public tender.”297 Provisions for allowing the suing of these people and organizations without showing any proof was eventually struck down by Israel’s Supreme Court in 2015, yet the other provisions were allowed to remain. The nine judges handing down this decision admitted that the law “indeed infringes on freedom of expression,” but unanimously ruled that when it comes to boycotts of the state of Israel the infringement is justified.298 Another example of the criminalization of movements is the banning of the Northern Branch of the Islamic Movement in 2015. To accomplish this, Israel used a British-mandate emergency law from 1945 permitting the outlawing of groups and organizations perceived to be a threat national security,299 namely under allegations that it cooperates with Palestinian groups like Hamas and is involved with ‘incitement’ to violence.300 Upon the adoption of the ban, Israeli forces arrested three of the group’s leaders,301 raided and seized documents and computers from associated offices, froze bank accounts, and closed 17 non-profit organizations connected to the movement.302 The Israeli Prime Minister’s office also announced that “any organization or individual belonging to the northern branch or found assisting the organization in any way will be committing a criminal offense and is liable for imprisonment,” and that all land belonging to the movement can be subject to confiscation.303 Funding Restrictions NGOs and CSOs in Israel must also contend with discriminatory laws restricting their funding. Palestinian NGOs or other NGOs advocating for Palestinian rights rely heavily on foreign funding, as they do not seek Israeli government funding and are limited in their access to private funding due 297 Adalah, “Anti-Boycott Law” – Prevention of Damage to Israel through Boycott, 2011. Available at: http://www.adalah.org/en/law/view/492 298 Human Rights Watch (HRW), Dispatches: Israeli Supreme Court Upholds “Anti-Boycott Law”, 18 April 2015. Available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/18/dispatches-israeli-supreme-courtupholds-anti-boycott-law 299 Ali Younes, Islamic Movement rejects Israeli government ban, Al Jazeera, 17 November 2015. Available at: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/11/islamic-movement-rejects-israeliban-151117074806180.html 300 Barak Ravid, Israel Outlaws Islamic Movement’s Northern Branch, Haaretz, 17 November 2015. Available at: http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.686521 301 Ali Younes, Islamic Movement rejects Israeli government ban, op. cit., 17 November 2015 302 Barak Ravid, Israel Outlaws Islamic Movement’s Northern Branch, op. cit, 17 November 2015 303 Ibid. 84