Women Prisoners and Detainees Legal Framework In recent years there has been increasing attention to women prisoners in the international community, resulting in the adoption of the 2000 Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice,261 and UN General Assembly resolutions 58/183 in 2003 and 61/143 in 2006. In 2010, the General Assembly adopted The Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders, otherwise known as the Bangkok Rules, to supplement the protection women prisoners are already entitled to under the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. Some of the rights enshrined in the Bangkok Rules are; the rights of women prisoners to be allocated to prisons as close as possible to their homes, to be provided with facilities and materials that meet their specific hygiene needs, to be searched exclusively by female staff in a respectful manner that protects their dignity, to be given adequate pre- and post-natal healthcare, to have contact with their families and children encouraged and facilitated, to have access to education and training for juvenile female prisoners equal to that provided to juvenile males, and, in the cases of prisoners from minority or indigenous groups, to be provided with gender- and culture-relevant programs and services.262 Israeli Policies and Practices An estimated 10,000 Palestinian women have been arrested or detained by Israel in the last 45 years. In 2015, 106 Palestinian women and girls were arrested, including 13 underage girls.263 As of October 2016, 64 are currently in prison.264 These detainees are interrogated by male interrogators in Arabic while observed by female soldiers who generally do not speak, all while being shackled, sometimes in stress positions. Many of these women, particularly minors, are intimidated by male interrogators, especially while restrained. They are often prohibited from going to the bathroom, even while menstruating, and subjected to degrading treatment such as being forced 261 UNGA, Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century, Resolution A/RES/55/59, 17 January 2001. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/ commissions/CCPCJ/Crime_Resolutions/2000-2009/2000/General_Assembly/A-RES-55-59.pdf 262 UNGA, United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), A/C.3/65/L.5, 6 October 2010. Available at: http://www. ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/BangkokRules.pdf 263 Addameer, Imprisonment of Women and Girls, February 2016. Available at: http://www.addameer. org/the_prisoners/women 264 Addameer, Statistics, last update: October 2016. Available at: http://www.addameer.org/statistics 73