Article 9 of the ICCPR as well, yet its use can be legal within strict parameters.172 According to Article 4 of the ICCPR, states may derogate from their obligations to uphold those rights “In time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation,” but only “to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with their other obligations under international law and do not involve discrimination solely on the ground of race, color, sex, language, religion or social origin.” Article 78 of the Fourth Geneva Convention also maintains the obligations of an occupying power to detain a person only “for imperative reasons of security” and upholds their right to appeal the detention at the earliest opportunity. Israeli Policies and Practices Frequent arrests, particularly mass arrest campaigns, have been one of the most prevalent tactics used by Israeli forces to suppress Palestinian resistance and political life. It is estimated that between 1967 and 2015, 800,000 Palestinians in the oPt were arrested,173 approximately 10,000 of whom were women and 8,000 of whom were children arrested after the year 2000. This number is equivalent to 20 percent of the population in the oPt and up to 40 percent of the total male population.174 Many mass arrests in the oPt are not prompted by evidence of wrongdoing by the selected individuals but rather during times of heightened political activity or events. These practices amount to a collective punishment of the entire Palestinian population175 that leads to widespread fear, insecurity and suppression of free expression or dissent. “They arrest us because we, as Palestinians, refuse the occupation. This is the main reason why we are arrested. The purpose for arresting us is twofold: the first is to stop the Palestinian resistance against the occupation. The Israelis think that doing this will reduce our violence against them. The second reason is to try and change our minds about the occupation, to empty our minds from everything we know about Palestine. The Israelis use tricks and deception that results in our arrests and keeps us imprisoned for a long time.” Palestinian political prisoner Interview: January 2016 172 ICCPR, Article 9 173 Addameer, On Administrative detention, December 2015. Available at: http://www.addameer.org/ israeli_military_judicial_system/administrative_detention 174 Addameer, Palestinian Political Prisoners in Israeli Prisons, January 2014. Available at: http:// www.addameer.org/files/Palestinian%20Political%20Prisoners%20in%20Israeli%20Prisons%20 (General%20Briefing%20January%202014).pdf 175 Addameer, On Human Rights Day: Israeli Occupation Continues to Carry Out Mass Arrests of Palestinians and Subject them to Abuse, 10 December 2015. Available at: http://www.addameer. org/news/human-rights-day-israeli-occupation-continues-carry-out-mass-arrests-palestinians-andsubject 50