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ENDNOTES
1 Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on recent developments in north-east
Syria, Council of the EU, 9 October 2019.
2 Bassem Mroue, Turkish invasion raises fears of Islamic State prison break, AP, 11 October 2019.
3 Bethan McKernan, At least 750 Isis affiliates escape Syria camp after Turkish shelling, The Guardian, 13
October 2019.
4 Conor Gallagher, Location of Lisa Smith and child unknown as fighting continues in Syria, The Irish
Times, 14 October 2019.
5 Josie Ensor, Exclusive: British Isil 'matchmaker' pleads for return to UK after escape from Kurdishrun camp, The Telegraph, 17 October 2019.
6 Edith Bouvier and Céline Martelet, «Les Kurdes nous ont dit "sortez, courez !"» : le témoignage de
djihadistes françaises, Le Parisien, 14 October 2019.
7 Aubry Touriel, Two Belgian women of IS fighters and six children arrived in Turkey, VRT, 20
November 2019; videoconference with CUTA, October 2020.
8 Email exchange with Sofia Koller (DGAP), October 2020; Email exchange with Bea Eriksson (RTC
Sweden), October 2020.
9 Isis leader purportedly urges members to free detainees from camps, AP, 16 September 2019.
10 Liz Sly and Louisa Loveluck, Kurdish-led forces put down revolt by ISIS detainees at prison in Syria,
Washington Post, 30 March 2020.
11 Eric Schmitt, ISIS Prisoners Threaten U.S. Mission in Northeastern Syria, New York Times, 25 May
2020; SDF returns calm to Hasakah, Syria prison after ISIS detainees riot, North Press Agency, 30 June
2020; Jindar Abdulqader, Syria’s Hasakah on high alert amid ISIS prison uprising, North Press Agency, 9
September 2020.
12 Operation Inherent Resolve: Lead Inspector General report to the United States Congress, April-June
2020.
13 Syrian Arab Republic - North East Syria: Al Hol camp, OCHA, 11 October 2020.
14 Kurds to allow IS-linked Syria families to quit Al-Hol camp, AFP, 5 October 2020.
15 Kurdish-led authorities to remove Syrians from al-Hol camp, al-Jazeera, 5 October 2020.
16 European Challenges in Confronting the Fate of ISIS Returnees, Commentary, Brussels: International
Crisis Group, 29 January 2020.
17 Idem.
18 Fatma Ben Hamad, Syrie : des prisonnières affiliées à l'EI tentent de s'évader avec des enfants dans un
camion-citerne, France24, 22 September 2020.
19 Ian Talley and Benoit Faucon, Islamic State, Defeated U.S. Foe, Still Brims With Cash, Ambition, Wall
Street Journal, 18 September 2020.
20 Three Finnish families arrive from Syrian camp on Sunday, YLE, 31 May 2020; Email exchange with
Juha Saarinen (King’s College London), October 2020.
21 Cyril Rosman and Carla van der Wal, Rechter: Nederland hoeft gewonde vrouw uit Syrië niet terug te
halen, Het Parool, 15 October 2020; Email exchange with NCTV, October 2020.
22 Edith Bouvier and Céline Martelet, Comment une dizaine de femmes de djihadistes français se sont
échappées des prisons kurdes, L’Express, 27 May 2020; Email exchange with Céline Martelet and Edith
Bouvier (French journalists), October 2020.
23 Email exchange with Bea Eriksson (RTC Sweden), October 2020.
24 Anne Vanrenterghem, Al 9 Belgische IS-vrouwen ontsnapt uit Koerdische kampen: wie zijn ze en
waar gaan ze naartoe?, VRT, 21 November 2019.
25 Philip Oltermann, Women married to ISIS fighters due to land in Germany from Turkey, The Guardian,
15 November 2019; Germany takes back Islamic State mother and her three children from Syria, Deutsche
Welle, 23 November 2019; Email exchange with Sofia Koller (DGAP), October 2020.
26 Campbell MacDiarmid, British female Isil suspects escaping from Syrian detention camps, The
Telegraph, 6 September 2020.
27 OCHA, op cit.
EGMONT Royal Institute for International Relations
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