CITIZENSHIP AND STATELESSNESS IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY 2020 Children born in the country 26 Children born outside the country 28 Adopted children 32 Right to transmit nationality to a spouse 34 Dual nationality 37 Acquisition of nationality by naturalisation or registration 40 Loss, deprivation, renunciation, and reacquisition of nationality 48 Loss and deprivation of nationality attributed at birth 48 Loss and deprivation of nationality acquired by naturalisation 50 Protection against statelessness 51 Renunciation of nationality 54 Reacquisition 54 Nationality administration in practice iii 57 Birth registration 59 Consular registration 67 National identity cards 70 Passports 73 Naturalisation 74 Naturalisation of long-term migrants and their descendants 77 Naturalisation or recovery of nationality by long-term refugees and their descendants 77 Economic citizenship’ in Comoros 79 Proof of nationality 80 Judicial and other oversight of administrative decisions 81 Groups at risk of statelessness 84 Foundlings, orphans, and other vulnerable children 86 People of mixed parentage or dual nationality 87 Border populations 89 Descendants of pre-independence migrants 90 Children of more recent migrants 92 Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 95 Refugees, former refugees and returnees 96 Impacts of statelessness 101 UNHCR / December, 2020