COVID-19 IMPACTS ON IMMIGRATION DETENTION: GLOBAL RESPONSES CONTENTS I REFUSE – A POEM BY ANTHONY MIRANDA 3 FOREWORD FROM INTERNATIONAL DETENTION COALITION (IDC) 4 FOREWORD FROM HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INITIATIVE (HADRI) 5 ABOUT IDC 6 ABOUT HADRI 6 AUSTRALIA Detention at all costs: COVID-19 and Immigration Detention in Australia 10 BANGLADESH AND MYANMAR State Responses to the Refugee Situation during COVID-19: Rohingyas in Myanmar and Bangladesh 12 CANADA The Cordon Sanitaire and the Shifting Threats of the COVID-19 Pandemich 14 ETHIOPIA COVID-19, In Between Policy Change – The Uncertain Situation of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia 16 EUROPE Left in limbo? Europe’s stateless populations in a global pandemic HONG KONG COVID-19 and Immigration Detention in Hong Kong Organising for Change: How We Supported COVID-19 – Struck and Hunger Striking Detainees in Hong Kong 19 21 24 INDIA Impact of COVID-19 on Immigration Detention 27 INDONESIA Questioning alternatives to Detention in time of Pandemic 29 JAPAN Indefinite Immigration Detention and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan LIBYA COVID-19 in Libya may increase the risk of detention for migrants and refugees 8 31 MALAYSIA COVID-19 In Malaysia: Pushing Migrant Workers Further at the Margin 36 MEXICO Between oblivion and criminal neglect: Migrants and refugees during the COVID-19 health emergency in Mexico 38 POLAND The impact of pandemic on the risk of detention for stateless persons in Poland 40 SAUDI ARABIA Immigration Detention in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19: A Case-Study on the treatment of Ethiopian Migrants 42 SINGAPORE Singapore’s mixed response to COVID-19: migrant workers sidelined 45 SOUTH AFRICA COVID-19 and Immigration Detention: A South African Perspective 47 SPAIN Alternatives to immigration detention are the only way out 49 THAILAND Thailand’s response to COVID-19, Urban Refugees and Asylum Seekers, and Immigration Detention 51 TUNISIA COVID-19 and the multi-actor emergency response in Tunisia: an effective step for a more aware and inclusive debate on migration? 54 UNITED KINGDOM Civil Society Engagement on Immigration Detention amid COVID-19 56 UNITED STATES How Private Prisons are exacerbating COVID-19 in the United States and Beyond 58 AUTHOR AFFILIATIONS 60 33 International Detention Coalition and Western Sydney University