Nationality not Naturalization - The Rights of Lebanese Women to Full Citizenship and to Confer their Nationality to their Children approved a bill establishing conditions for the recovery of nationality to enable expatriates and descendants of Lebanese origin to regain citizenship. The law passed is based on gender discrimination; only male descendants of Lebanese ancestry can benefit from it. The Law includes three references to “males” (one of his male ancestry or male relatives) as distinct from females and two references to “father” (from his father) as distinct from the mother. On 7 June 2016, the Constitutional Council issued Decision 1, dismissing the appeal submitted by the deputies of the Democratic Gathering bloc on the law to recover Lebanese Nationality. The Decision did not address the unconstitutionality of the law that discriminates on the basis of sex. The Decision was passed by majority vote of nine to one objection made by the Vice President of the Constitutional Court, Judge Tarek Ziadeh, who disagreed with the majority opinion in two areas: First, the Council should have examined the constitutionality of all provisions of the law, even if it was not included in the appeal that was submitted. Second, the law was passed through discriminatory provisions against women and was contrary to the principle of equality between all citizens as enshrined in the Constitution, stressing that “Lebanese citizens are meant to be male and female without distinction or discrimination between them”. Also notable is the lack of accurate statistics showing the number of Lebanese women married in Lebanon and abroad to foreigners and the distribution of this number according to nationality and religious denomination. Rather, most of the figures in circulation are contradictory and inaccurate. It should be noted that the relevant ministries and departments did not cooperate in providing information concerning Lebanese women married to foreigners and their children. This led to a lack of transparency and the inability to access information, thereby preventing full rights to Lebanese women and adopting necessary legal amendments in accordance with the Lebanese Constitution, international conventions, and the Bill of Human Rights. It can be said that this situation suits certain politicians and decisionmakers in appropriating some of these reasons and linking them to politics and demographics in order to deny Lebanese women the right to pass on Lebanese nationality to their children. Although these politicians and decision-makers advocate for women’s causes and their rights to citizenship, political participation and other rights during their electoral campaigns, when they assume their parliamentary or ministerial seats, women’s causes become mere promises linked to the political and sectarian makeup of the country. The time has come to seek new strategic plans and create new legal jurisprudence whereby a Lebanese woman married to a foreigner has the right to confer her nationality to her children by promoting the Lebanese judiciary to exercise its jurisprudence and apply the principles of natural law and justice. These are a source of law and legal references for courts to utilize when there is no explicit legal provision for judges to use diligence in their opinions so they can adjudicate and settle disputes brought before them based on the principles of justice and fairness. This study examines the Lebanese Nationality Law 15 of 1925 and the judicial rulings issued in this regard, particularly those issued by the Lebanese Court of Cassation, which shows contradictory rulings and sheds light on the jurisprudence of the Lebanese judiciary in interpreting the provisions of the Lebanese Nationality Law. The study also discusses the implications for Lebanese women who are not able to pass on their nationality to their children at various levels and presents figures and statistics provided by some departments and statements of ministries that did not provide the National Commission for Lebanese Women with numbers and information on Lebanese women married to foreigners and their children. The study concludes with a set of recommendations at the individual, community and institutional levels. 5