Appendix B. Methodology Survey design and implementation 43. The Shona study, which comprises the Shona SES and preregistration activity, is intended to cover the entire Shona population living in Kenya. The Shona population was identified to be living in and around Nairobi County, specifically Githurai and Hurlingham in Nairobi County, and Kiambaa and Kinoo in Kiambu County; hence, the study was initially designed to cover these four main areas which comprise urban households only. During a pilot study in March 2019, it was noticed that a significant number of the Shona had moved to other areas in these counties due to rising living costs, and others moved elsewhere in Kenya, such as to Meru and Mombasa due to family reasons or as missionaries. The study was therefore extended in principle to cover these areas. 44. The Shona households were identified using a full household listing exercise conducted by KNBS and UNHCR, with Shona community elders as key informants. A full listing exercise, conducted in two steps, was used to ensure that every Shona household and individual was enumerated. In the first step of the listing exercise, Shona households were listed based on information provided by the Shona community elders. In the second step, a “snowball” approach was used, where each of the households listed in the first step was asked if they knew of any additional Shona households inside or outside the four main areas—Githurai, Hurlingham, Kiambaa, and Kinoo. The households that were located inside the four main areas were subsequently listed directly, whereas households located farther away had their phone numbers and locations of residence recorded. 45.  The Shona households in this report cover households living in the main areas, excluding Hurlingham and rural Kiambu. Households in Hurlingham are excluded from the Shona SES because these households are part of a religious order who maintain significantly different living conditions than the average population. Hurlingham households comprise 10 percent of the sampling area. These households are comprised exclusively of women, with a median age of 37 years, average household size of 1.4, and a dependency ratio of 0.2. To make the analysis representative of households in the main study areas, the additional households located in other areas of Kenya are excluded from the analysis. Households who live in rural Kiambu are also excluded as the number of observations collected are insufficient to calculate the poverty rate (Table B.1). 46.  The questionnaire used in the Shona SES produces data comparable to national household surveys and other standard instruments. Modules on education, employment, household characteristics, and consumption and expenditure are aligned with the most recent national poverty survey, KIHBS 2015/16, and provide comparable results reported at the county and national levels (Table B.3). Based on KNBS guidelines, a Shona community household was defined as a group of people who live together, share meals, and recognize the same and only one head of household among them. In addition to this, following the same definition also used by the paralleled preregistration activity, the household must have at least one person who identifies as Shona, that is, was either born in Rhodesia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, or can be linked to these countries through past or current marriage or direct ancestors such as parents, grandparents, and great-­grandparents who migrated to Kenya. 47.  Estimates of national averages are calculated using 2015/16 KIHBS from the KNBS. KIHBS data used to obtain estimates of the national averages in this report are downloaded from KNBS. Nationally Appendixes 10183_Shona Report.indd 35  35 12/14/20 2:56 PM