BOX 1 Methodological summary The results presented in this report are based on data gathered from households of the Shona community living in Nairobi and Kiambu counties. The Shona SES occurred concurrently with the preregistration data collection activity, which aimed to interview all Shona households in Kenya. Therefore, no sampling frame was used. UNHCR and the Shona community leaders estimate that there were some 3,500 individuals, although the preregistration activity interviewed only 2,084 individuals (equivalent to 465 households). These households were identified through household listings, with the help of Shona community elders as key informants. The Shona were initially identified to be living in four main areas in Nairobi and Kiambu counties: Githurai and Hurlingham in Nairobi, and Kiambaa and Kinoo in urban Kiambu. The four areas included only urban households.21 Households in Hurlingham were excluded because they are part of a religious order who maintain significantly different living conditions than the average population (see details in Appendix B, Table B.1). This report covers 1,616 Shona community individuals forming 328 households. The questionnaire used in the Shona SES produces data comparable to national household surveys and other standard instruments. Modules on education, employment, household characteristics, and consumption and expenditure are aligned with the most recent national poverty survey, the 2015/16 KIHBS, and provides comparable results reported at the county and national levels.22 Questions are also aligned with the KCHS which, since 2019, collects comparable statistics on an annual basis for all counties in Kenya. The poverty level of the stateless Shona community is estimated by using the full consumption module used by KNBS. Households were defined using KNBS’ guidelines as a group of people who live together, share meals, and recognize the same and only one head of household among them. In addition to this, the household must have at least one person who identifies as Shona, that is, was either born in Rhodesia, Zimbabwe, or Zambia, or can be linked to these countries through past or current marriage or direct ancestors who migrated to Kenya.23 However, this definition does not require an individual to be stateless, as the main goal was to study the Shona community who are likely to be affected by statelessness and to advocate for citizenship on their behalf. Comparability between the Shona community and nationals can be limited. First, the comparison is limited by a gap of four to five years between the Shona SES data and the KIHBS 2015/16 data, during which national averages might have changed considerably. Secondly, 21 The pilot study revealed the migration of some members of the community to other counties, mainly Meru and Mombasa, whereas others had moved to other areas within Nairobi and Kiambu counties. Households located in Meru and Mombasa were excluded from the analysis in order to maintain representativeness of the households in the main study areas. 22 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), 2015/16 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS). http://statistics .knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/88 23 This filter was applied at the listing stage. Background and Objectives 10183_Shona Report.indd 5  5 12/14/20 2:56 PM