187 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Sienna Craig, Suvir Kaul, and Carole McGranahan for their incisive comments on early drafts of this paper. I also thank the participants of the Wolf Humanities Seminar on Migration for their valuable feedback. I am grateful to Tali Ziv and Indivar Jonnalagadda for their close readings and suggestions. Special thanks to Sindiso Mnisi Weeks, Georgina Ramsay, and the three anonymous PoLAR reviewers for their comments and suggestions, and to Stephanie Custer for her support during this process. Finally, I am indebted to my Tibetan friends and interlocutors who generously shared their worlds with me. ORCID Ishani Dasgupta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-5887 ENDNOTES 1 Namgyal Dolkar v. Government of India Ministry of External Affairs, High Court of Delhi, W.P. (C) 12179/2009, 5, emphasis mine. Some Tibetan politicians, diplomats, aristocrats, and businesspeople, those residing in India prior to 1950, and those who reject the exile government had gained citizenship prior to the 2010 verdict (McGranahan, 2018). 3 Namgyal Dolkar v. Government of India Ministry of External Affairs, High Court of Delhi, W.P. (C) 12179/2009,13, 15, emphasis mine. 4 Several articles have placed the number of Tibetans born in India between 1950 and1987 at around 50,000 (Chari, 2014; Sehgal, 2014). This does not account for their children. 5 The memorandum issued by the MEA included: A) TR (Tibetan refugee) will surrender the Identity Certificate and/or Refugee/Registration Certificate (RC) at the concerned Passport Seva Kendra (PSK)/Passport Office where the application is submitted along with other documents. B) (procedural instructions) In cases where RC is surrendered at the PSK/PO, these will be sent to the FRO/FRRO by the concerned RPO/PO for cancellation. IN case of ICs, the same will be sent to the concerned RPO for cancellation. C) (procedural instructions) When IC or RC is surrendered at the PSK/PO, TR applicant would be issued a Certificate by the concerned RPO stating that the RC/IC No. dated. . . .has been surrendered on. . . .by Shri. . . . Consequently upon his applying for an Indian passport. D) TR should not be staying in any of the designated Tibetan Refugee settlements nor enjoying any CTA benefits or subsidies after receipt of an Indian passport (Government of India, 2017). 6 The displacement of refugees across different contexts impacts their articulation of their identity and political futures (Feldman, 2018). Tibetan refugees often adopt the citizenship in the West, reflecting this difference (Hess, 2006; McGranahan, 2018) 7 I have used Wylie transliterating of Tibetan script throughout the text. 8 Tibetans adhering to the Tibetan government-in-exile remain politically divided across two stands—Tibetan independence or autonomy. The Tibetan government-in-exile has been officially renamed the Central Tibetan Administration since 2012. 9 The names of several interlocutors have been changed to protect their identity. 10 Citizenship regimes are multiscalar, hierarchical, and racialized. The passports of nations of the Global South do not have the same currency as passports in the Global North. 2 REFERENCES Adhikari, Retika. 2021. “Temporalities of Resettlement.” American Anthropologist 123(2): 237–49. Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Agamben, Giorgio. 2005. State of Exception. Translated by Kevin Attell. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Allan, Diana. 2013. Refugees of the Revolution: Experiences of Palestinian Exile. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Alvarez, Sonia E., Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar, eds. 1998. Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Revisioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Alves, Jaime A. 2019. “Refusing to Be Governed: Urban Policing, Gang Violence, and the Politics of Evilness in an Afro-Colombian Shantytown.” PoLAR 42(1): 21–36. Anderson, Benedict. 1993. “The New World Disorder.” New Left Review 1(193): 2–13. Andersson, Ruben. 2014. “Time and the Migrant Other.” American Anthropologist 116(4): 795–809. Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Appadurai, Arjun. 2019. “Traumatic Exit, Identity Narratives, and the Ethics of Hospitality.” Television and New Media 20(6): 558–65. 15552934, 2024, 2, Downloaded from https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/plar.12580 by Test, Wiley Online Library on [07/03/2025]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License DISAGGREGATING CITIZENSHIP