Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 53 (2021) Ghosts in America: Working Towards Building a Legal Framework for Stateless Individuals in the United States gender discrimination preventing women from passing on their nationality to their children. 132 However, millions remain stateless,133 showing that much more still needs to be done. The UNHCR’s efforts have been met with varied levels of support from countries around the world. 134 While countries such as Madagascar and Sierra Leone have reformed their nationality allows and now allow mothers, as well as fathers, to confer citizenship on their children, 135 25 countries still make it impossible for mothers to confer their citizenship to their children.136 B) Countries that have adopted Statelessness Determination Procedures Many countries have made substantial progress towards conferring status to stateless individuals in their country. About a dozen States worldwide have established Statelessness Determination Procedures (SDP). 137 SDP are mechanisms by which stateless persons are identified and granted a legal status in the country in which they are found in.138 France has the oldest mechanism for recognizing and protecting stateless persons. 139 Italy, Hungary, Latvia, and Spain followed suit some decades later. 140 Moldova, Georgia, the Philippines, Costa Rica, the U.K., Kosovo, and Turkey have also established SDP in the last 132. U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, Four Years into Its #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness, UNHCR Calls for More Action by States, (Nov. 13, 2018), https://www.unhcr.org/enUNHCR.ORG us/news/press/2018/11/5be95d7c4/four-years-its-ibelong-campaign-endstatelessness-unhcr-calls-resolute.html. [https://perma.cc/WG3V-J8SC]. 133. Id. 134. See id. 135. U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, High-Level Segment on Statelessness: Results and Highlights, at 25 (May 2020). 136. Lisa Schlein, UNHCR: Anti-Refugee and Migrant Sentiment Threaten Battle to End Statelessness, VOA (Oct. 7, 2019 5:35 PM), https://www.voanews.com/europe/unhcr-anti-refugee-and-migrantsentiment-threaten-battle-end-statelessness [https://perma.cc/9E6JQPW9]. 137. U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, Good Practices Paper — Action 6: Establishing Statelessness Determination Procedures to Protect Stateless Persons 2 (July 11, 2016) [hereinafter Good Practices Paper]. 138. See U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, Statelessness Determination Procedures: Identifying and Protecting Stateless Persons, 1–3 (Aug. 2014) [hereinafter Stateless Determination Procedures]. 139. Good Practices Paper, supra note 137, at 2. 140. Id. 372