refugees’ current situation and community engagement and leadership within the Rohingya camp communities: • • • What are the main challenges and issues in your life today? What are you hoping for your life now? What are your goals and objectives? Since coming to Bangladesh, have you ever been consulted by community leaders or aid actors about what you want in the medium to long term? For the qualitative research 40 interviews were conducted (22 women, 18 men) in the following locations (see Figure 1): Shamlapur, Unchiprang and various camps in Kutupalong Balukhali and Nayapara. A gender-, age- and diversity-sensitive framework was used to guide participant selection, which was conducted through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. The refugees interviewed were all part of the ‘new’ influx, most having been in Bangladesh for a year and a half (range 5–24 months). Their ages ranged from 18–70 (most were in their twenties and thirties), the majority were married with children and a quarter were individuals who would be considered by standards commonly used in humanitarian assessment to have an additional vulnerability (i.e. they were elderly, widowed, single parents or had a physical disability). Two key informant interviews were conducted with refugee leaders of community-based organisations in the camps. Five focus groups were also held: four with refugees living in Shamlapur (two with women, two with men – some of these refugees were part of the ‘new’ influx; others had been born in Bangladesh or had been in Bangladesh for many years). One focus group was with a group of male majhis (refugee leaders) from Kutupalong Balukhali. The data collected during the research was analysed by gender, and this report notes where findings differed between men and women. 6 The research has several limitations. First, while the survey sampling was representative at the response level, it cannot be used to fully understand the views of Rohingya within any one particular camp. Conversely, the qualitative research is not generalisable. Findings from the interviews nevertheless provide important insights into how a diverse sample of Rohingya refugees sees their future. Second, we worked with Bangladeshi research assistants from Cox’s Bazar who translated during interviews and focus groups; as there is significant but not complete overlap between Chittagonian and Rohingya languages, some nuance may have been lost in translation. The surveys were conducted by enumerators who speak Bengali and Chittagonian, and who received Rohingya language training. This helps with translation challenges, but cannot remove them entirely. Lastly, conducting research in the camps was logistically difficult, as space constraints prevented private conversations. While interviews were generally conducted in the privacy of refugees’ shelters, they were often in the presence of family or friends at some point, which could potentially have affected responses. 1.3  Outline of the report Chapter 2 situates the research in the broader policy discussions around options for supporting the Rohingya in displacement, and various durable solutions. Chapter 3 outlines refugees’ aspirations, including where they would like to live in the medium to long term, as well as the challenges they raised during interviews about their lives in Bangladesh. Chapter 4 focuses on what refugees think would support their livelihoods and improve their lives in the medium to long term. Finally, Chapter 5 delves into community leadership and organisation, relations with individual Rohingya refugees and the views of refugees on how best to integrate their perspectives in global dialogues. Chapter 6 outlines conclusions and recommendations. Uncertain futures: Rohingya refugees’ perspectives on their displacement in Bangladesh