Chapter II. Theme of the Pledge States/Groups of States/Organizations making a pledge ANALYSIS OF PLEDGES Example of pledges Law reform to prevent Africa: Benin, The Central and reduce statelessness African Republic, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda and Senegal Asia and the Pacific: Thailand Europe: Armenia, Georgia, Montenegro and the Russian Federation Liberia: “The Government pledges that the 1973 Alien and Nationality Laws will be amended to ensure that nationality is equally transmitted by any of the parents as enshrined in the Organic Law of the land (the Constitution). The present practice of the Alien and Nationality Laws is that only the father can transmit nationality when the child is born outside of Liberia while the Constitution states that one of the parents who is a Liberian citizen can transmit nationality. Indeed, this is a conflict and Liberia has ratified the 1954 and 1961 Conventions on Statelessness.” Civil registration / documentation to prevent and reduce statelessness Africa: The Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Rwanda and Somalia Asia and the Pacific: Thailand and the Philippines Europe: Croatia, Georgia, Montenegro and the Russian Federation Thailand: “The Government of Thailand pledges […] to provide greater access to birth registration and individual documentation services, including late birth registration, to build on Thailand’s progress in reducing vulnerability to statelessness.” Establishment of statelessness determination procedures or status or taking measures to consider establishing a statelessness determination procedure Americas: Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, the United States of America and Uruguay Asia and the Pacific: Australia and the Philippines Europe: Belgium, Georgia, Hungary (to improve procedures) and the Republic of Moldova Brazil: “In 2012, a Bill establishing a mechanism for the determination of stateless status in Brazil will be sent to Parliament.” 35