52 Eftychia Mylona and Egyptians in Alexandria (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), 239. Jessica M. Marglin, “Extraterritoriality and Legal Belonging in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean,” Law and History Review 39, no. 4 (2021): 679–706. 3 Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 270. 4 Nazan Maksudyan, Orphans and Destitute Children in the Late Ottoman Empire (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2014), 12, 20–21. On the role of the Greek institutions in Alexandria toward benevolence to children, see Eftychia Mylona, “Maintaining Philanthropy: The Greek Alexandrian Institutions after the Exodus of the Early 1960s,” in “Diasporas, Charity, and the Construction of Belonging: A Connected History of Practices of ‘Goodwill’ in Egypt during the Imperial Age (19th–20th centuries),” eds. Angelos Dalachanis and Annalaura Turiano, special issue, Diasporas, no.42 (2023). 5 Nazan Maksudyan, “Children and Politics in Turkey: Role-Playing, Unchilding, Victimization,” in Childhood in Turkey: Educational, Sociological, and Psychological Perspectives, eds. Hilal H. Şen and Helaine Selin (Cham: Springer, 2022), 109. 6 Heidi Morrison, Childhood and Colonial Modernity in Egypt (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). Chiara Dianna supports that children formulate their cognitive development after having social interactions with adults, something that helps them build their political and social roles. Diana, “Children’s Citizenship: Revolution and the Seeds of an Alternative Future in Egypt,” in Wired Citizenship: Youth Learning and Activism in the Middle East, ed. Linda Herrera (New York: Routledge, 2014), 61, 63. Florian Esser, “Neither ‘Thick’ or ‘Thin’: Reconceptualising Agency and Childhood Relationally,” in Reconceptualising Agency and Childhood: New Perspectives in Childhood Studies, eds. Esser, Meike S. Baader, Tanja Betz, and Beatrice Hungerland (New York: Routledge, 2016), 49. 7 8 Diana, “Children’s Citizenship,” 62. Millet is the term for the confessional communities in the Ottoman Empire. Under the millet system, the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople was the head of the Ottoman Greeks exercising both religious and political power over the community. 9 On the extraterritorial legal identities in Egypt, see Ziad Fahmy, “Jurisdictional Borderlands: Extraterritoriality and ‘Legal Chameleons’ in Precolonial Alexandria, 1840–1870,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 2 (2013): 305–29. On the Mixed Courts, see Saphinaz-Amal Naguib, “Legal Pluralism in the Mediterranean: The Case of the Mixed Courts of Egypt: 1875–1949,” in The Intangible Heritage of the Mediterranean: 10