Gender sensitivity 155. In taking an individualized approach to rehabilitation and reintegration, the gender dimension of violence must also be taken into consideration. States must ensure that the measures take into account the different risks facing girls and boys in relation to violations or abuses.306 The Security Council has underlined the importance of considering the special needs and particular vulnerabilities of girls affected by armed conflict, including those who have been orphaned, sexually exploited and used in hostilities.307 The specific needs of girls and boys, as well as children with disabilities, need to be addressed, including in relation to their access to health care, psychosocial support and educational programmes.308 Educational measures must be prioritized and be designed to improve children’s pro-social attitudes, competencies and behaviours.309 Whole-of-government approach 156. The Security Council highlighted the importance of a “whole-of-government approach” in providing timely and appropriate reintegration and rehabilitation assistance to children affected by the foreign fighter phenomenon.310 This approach also reflects appropriate protective measures required under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which should cut across “all sectors of Government” within an “integrated, cohesive, 306 Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 13 (2011), para. 72. 307 Security Council resolution 1314 (2000), para. 13. 308 Security Council resolutions 2225 (2015), para. 18; and 2427 (2018), para. 14. 309 Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 13 (2011), para. 52. 310 Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), para. 36. interdisciplinary and coordinated system”.311 These measures should clarify: “(a) who has responsibility for the child and family from reporting and referral all the way through to followup; (b) the aims of any course of action taken—which must be fully discussed with the child and other relevant stakeholders; (c) the details, deadlines for implementation and proposed duration of any interventions; and (d) mechanisms and dates for the review, monitoring and evaluation of actions”.312 Due process must be respected at all times and in all cases with the best interests of the child being the primary consideration.313 It should be noted that the role of different elements of a multi-disciplinary approach may change during reintegration depending on the needs and situation of the individual child which may continue into early adulthood. 157. Notably, the Security Council has recognized the role that civil society organizations can play in contributing to rehabilitation and reintegration due to their relevant knowledge of, access to and engagement with local communities. States are encouraged to engage with these organizations proactively to develop rehabilitation and reintegration strategies.314 Families, including extended families, and communities also play critical roles as individuals cannot integrate into communities alone. The Council has further recognized the important role of local and religious leaders and civil society networks in combating stigmatization of children, especially girls, including those born as a result of sexual violence during conflict.315 311 Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 13 (2011), para. 39. 312 Ibid., para. 53. 313 Ibid., para. 54. 314 Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), para. 32. 315 Security Council resolutions 2225 (2015), para. 9; and 2427 (2018), paras. 9 and 28. 71.