Finally, given the cross-border nature of violence and abuses faced by children affected by the foreign fighter phenomenon, specific legislation, policies, programmes, and partnerships between concerned States may be required.316 Example from Indonesia— A memorandum of understanding for a whole-of-government approach The Government of Indonesia has emphasized a “whole-of-government approach”. Multiple agencies work closely in relation to families returning from conflictaffected areas. Agencies involved include the National Agency for Counter Terrorism, the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Indonesian National Police and the Commission for the Protection of Children. A memorandum of understanding was signed by these departments for the rehabilitation and reintegration of returnees, including children. The role of civil society organizations has also been very important. They play a critical role in supporting social workers working with returnees and advising local governments to ensure protection of the rights of returnees. 5.2 Key Recommendations 158. The following are recommended: a. Ensure that the primary goals of all measures concerning children affected by the foreign fighter phenomenon are protection, rehabilitation and reintegration. This does not preclude investigation and prosecution of a child above the minimum age of criminal responsibility, according to international juvenile justice principles and fair trial standards, when credible evidence of commission of a crime exists. However, alternatives to prosecution should always be considered. b. Design and implement strategies and programmes to facilitate children’s repatriation, in cases in which they are outside of the country of nationality, rehabilitation and reintegration into their families and societies, without stigmatization or discrimination. c. Upon repatriation, engage children in standard child protection systems without isolating them, and ensure they receive rehabilitation and reintegration services, including, when needed, support in relation to their mental health, psychosocial well-being and gender-based violence. d. Ensure that design and delivery of rehabilitation and reintegration programmes are: • • • 316 Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 13 (2011), para. 76. 72. • Based on the best interests of the child principle; Reflecting the views of the child; Provided through a multi- and inter-sectoral approach; Age, gender and disability sensitive;