T he role of the peaceful civil movement began with the beginning of the Syrian revolution, when activists took a serious stand to support the revolution and achieve its goals of freedom and dignity through civil activities and movements. Despite the security control over their areas and the continuous threats by the security forces and the large arrest campaigns, they began to develop their role to finding and implementing solutions to the problems faced by the Syrian revolution. They moved from dealing with the problems they face on a daily basis to being an active player in building the modern state and the main partner on the negotiation table. Considering that “human rights defenders, including activists on the Internet” are an essential part of civil society, according to the United Nations Global Civil Society Handbook “Civil socity space and the united nations human rights system”32 it was necessary to study the role of Syrians with regard to statelessness of Syrian children, as it is one of the most marginalized problems during the pre- and post-revolution periods. To understand the nature of their contribution to the case, we prepared a questionnaire that was distributed to more than 100 Syrian women’s and children’s rights activists, with the result that only 49 responded, in Syria, Turkey and some European countries, with 53% female and 47% male respondents. 53 | Statelessness before and after the revolution: 32 CIVIL SOCIETY SPACE AND THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM HUMANS WITHOUT RIGHTS The questionnaire was based on a study of the pre- and post-revolution phases, with the aim of identifying the extent to which Syrian civil society - represented by activists - was aware of the issue of statelessness in Syria. Through the responses we received, it was clear that females are aware of the issue of statelessness in Syria before and after the revolution in all its aspects more than males. As an example, when the target audience was asked whether they were aware of statelessness before the revolution, nearly half of the answers were “yes”, but in terms of gender distribution, more females were aware of the problem by 54% compared to 43 % for males, while the percentage of targeted people familiar with post-revolution statelessness issues increased to 71%. Female activists’ knowledge of statelessness was not superficial, but they were in direct contact with the affected women and had more direct knowledge on statelessness than male activists, depending on the nature of their