INTRODUCTION Types of Immigration Status • • • • Citizen: a person born in the United States or a U.S. territory (jus soli), a person with parents who are U.S. citizens (jus sanguinis), or a person who fills out paperwork after meeting the legal requirements to become a U.S. citizen (naturalized). Migrant: a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, for a variety of reasons. Immigrant: a person who comes to live permanently in another country. Undocumented migrant: a person who resides in a country without the legal right to do so, possibly after entering the country unlawfully or overstaying a valid visa. Glossary • Citizenship laws: Citizenship laws are rules that decide who is a member of a country and what rights and responsibilities they have. In the United States, citizens can vote, run for office, and live in the country without fear of being removed. The Fourteenth Amendment states that all people born or naturalized in the United States are U.S. citizens. The Fourteenth Amendment’s citizenship clause was ratified during Reconstruction, born of the courage of abolitionists and rooted in Black people’s fight for liberation. • Immigration laws: Immigration laws are civil, not criminal, rules that control who can come into the United States from other countries, how long they can stay, and what they are allowed to do while they are here. These laws also explain who can apply to live in the United States permanently or become a citizen. • Naturalization laws: Naturalization laws are rules that explain how a person who was not born in the United States can become a U.S. citizen. This involves living in the United States for a certain number of years, learning English, and passing a test about U.S. history and government.